布の特性が接触冷感に及ぼす影響について
１．緒言
身体は常に被服に対して部分的に接触しており、身体の動きとともに接触部位も変化している。したがって、身体と被服が接触した瞬時に生じる冷温感は、肌触りとともに着用感や快適性に大きく影響を及ぼしている。川端らにより高速応答性の過渡的熱伝導測定装置（ThermolaboⅡ）が開発された。サーモラボは、有限熱量の熱板（銅板）を試料に圧着させ、熱板からの熱の流出測度を測定する装置である。
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Translation / English
Effect of the feature of cloth on its cool feeling when it touches a body
1. Introduction
A body constantly touches partly with cloths and, with the change in the movement of the body, the site of contact between the body and cloths changes. Accordingly the cool/warm feeling arising at the instance of the contact of the body and the cloths remarkably affect their wear feeling and amenity. Kawabata et al. developed a high response transitional heat transfer analyzer (Thermolabo II) With this equipment a heat plate (made of copper) with a known amount of heat quantity was pressed on a sample cloth and the speed of heat transfer from the heat plate is measured.
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- Posted at 13 Apr 2012 at 13:28
Effect of the feature of cloth on its cool feeling when it touches a body
1. Introduction
A body constantly touches partly with cloths and, with the change in the movement of the body, the site of contact between the body and cloths changes. Accordingly the cool/warm feeling arising at the instance of the contact of the body and the cloths remarkably affect their wear feeling and amenity. Kawabata et al. developed a high response transitional heat transfer analyzer (Thermolabo II) With this equipment a heat plate (made of copper) with a known amount of heat quantity was pressed on a sample cloth and the speed of heat transfer from the heat plate is measured.
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Translation / English
- Posted at 13 Apr 2012 at 12:24
Effect of Characteristics of Fabric in Touch
1. Prolusiion
Our bodies are always touching some sort of fabrics and the parts of them are constanly changing according to our movements. Accordingly, our comfort and overall feeling as well as feeling from touching the fabric in wearing clothes are greatly influenced by our momentary sense of temperature in touching it. The super highway responsive transientheat transfer measurement system (ThermolaboⅡ) was developed by Kawabata. Thermolabo is a device to measure the heat flux from the limiting thermal plate (copper plate) which is pressured attached to a sample piece to be measured.
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1. Prolusiion
Our bodies are always touching some sort of fabrics and the parts of them are constanly changing according to our movements. Accordingly, our comfort and overall feeling as well as feeling from touching the fabric in wearing clothes are greatly influenced by our momentary sense of temperature in touching it. The super highway responsive transientheat transfer measurement system (ThermolaboⅡ) was developed by Kawabata. Thermolabo is a device to measure the heat flux from the limiting thermal plate (copper plate) which is pressured attached to a sample piece to be measured.
川端らは、このサーモラボにより測定される初期最大熱流束値（qmax）と接触冷温感との相関が高いこと、また、qmaxは布の表面形態に影響を受けることを実験的に考察している。一方、米田らは、皮膚の過渡的熱伝導と接触冷温感について理論的解析を行っている。
本研究では、繊維組成、密度、織構造、加工の異なる織物を試料としてqmaxの測定を行い、接触冷感に関する主観評価値、基本力学特性、表面特性との関係について考察し、布特性が接触冷感に及ぼす影響を明らかにすることを目的とする。
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Translation / English
- Posted at 13 Apr 2012 at 13:20
Kawabata and his team discuss: the high relevance between the early maximum heat flux measurement (qmax) measured by this Thermolabo and the cool contact feeling; and the qmax value is influenced by the physical properties of the surface of fabric. Meanwhile, Yomeda theoretically analyzes the transientheat transfer and cooking touch of fabric.
In this study the fabrics of different properties, densities, componets and manufacturing process are used as samples to get the qmax measurents and how they are related to the subjective evaluation, the basic dynamics and the surface characteristics is disccused. The aim is to clear how the cooling feeling of fabrics is effected by them.
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In this study the fabrics of different properties, densities, componets and manufacturing process are used as samples to get the qmax measurents and how they are related to the subjective evaluation, the basic dynamics and the surface characteristics is disccused. The aim is to clear how the cooling feeling of fabrics is effected by them.
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Translation / English
- Posted at 13 Apr 2012 at 10:25
Kawabata and others consider experimentally that this "Thermolabo" could reveal a higher correlation between measured "qmax" and contact cool sensitivity, and also "qmax" is affected by surface aspects of cloth. Meanwhile, they conduct a theoretic analysis on transitional heat transfer of the skin and contact cool sensitivity.
In this study, they aim to measure "qmax" using samples of diffrent type of fabric in fiber structure, density, woven structure and processing, consider the relationship with subjective appraisal value, basic mechanical property and surface property, finally and clarify the impact of cloth characteristics on contact cool sensitivity
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In this study, they aim to measure "qmax" using samples of diffrent type of fabric in fiber structure, density, woven structure and processing, consider the relationship with subjective appraisal value, basic mechanical property and surface property, finally and clarify the impact of cloth characteristics on contact cool sensitivity
２．実験
１）試料
綿80番双糸を経糸とし、緯糸が綿80番双糸、ナイロン30番単糸、レーヨン30番単糸、ウール80番双糸の織物を試料とした。緯糸が綿、ナイロン、レーヨンの織物はそれぞれ45試料で、1インチ当たりの打ち込み本数を100、120、140とした試料が、それぞれ15試料ある。15試料はシルケット・サンフォライズ加工、アルカリ収縮・ワッシャ加工、硬仕上げを施した各5試料から成り、それぞれの試料の織構造は平織、朱子織、綾織、ななこ織および平織の４層構造になっている。
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Translation / English
- Posted at 13 Apr 2012 at 14:42
2. Experiment
1) Samples
The fabric woven with no. 80 cotton two-fold threads as warps, and no.80 cotton two-fold threads, no.30 nylon threads, no.30 rayon threads and no.80 wool two-fold threads as wefts was used. The sample fabrics of the cotton, nylon and rayon wefts are 45 and the samples with the number of threads per inch was 100,120 and140 was 15 each. The fifteen samples consist of mercerized and Sanforized fabrics, pre-shrunk alkaline fabric, wash processed fabric, strengthened fabric. The weaving patterns are plain, sateen, twill, and mat.
1) Samples
The fabric woven with no. 80 cotton two-fold threads as warps, and no.80 cotton two-fold threads, no.30 nylon threads, no.30 rayon threads and no.80 wool two-fold threads as wefts was used. The sample fabrics of the cotton, nylon and rayon wefts are 45 and the samples with the number of threads per inch was 100,120 and140 was 15 each. The fifteen samples consist of mercerized and Sanforized fabrics, pre-shrunk alkaline fabric, wash processed fabric, strengthened fabric. The weaving patterns are plain, sateen, twill, and mat.
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Translation / English
- Posted at 13 Apr 2012 at 11:07
2. Experimental trial
1) Samples
They used as samples fabrics with cotton 80 two-folded yarn as warp and cotton 80 two-folded yarn, nylon 30 single yarn, rayon 30 single yarn and wool 80 two-folded yarn as weft. There are respectively 45 samples weft with fabrics of cotton, nylon and rayon, and respectively 15 samples of 100, 120 and 140 driving numbers per 1 inch.These 15 samples are made up of each-5 samples with silket-sanforized processing, alkali-shrink and washer processing and hard finishing. Woven structure of each sample has 4-layered structure of plain weave, sateen weave, twilling, regular mat weave and plain weave.
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1) Samples
They used as samples fabrics with cotton 80 two-folded yarn as warp and cotton 80 two-folded yarn, nylon 30 single yarn, rayon 30 single yarn and wool 80 two-folded yarn as weft. There are respectively 45 samples weft with fabrics of cotton, nylon and rayon, and respectively 15 samples of 100, 120 and 140 driving numbers per 1 inch.These 15 samples are made up of each-5 samples with silket-sanforized processing, alkali-shrink and washer processing and hard finishing. Woven structure of each sample has 4-layered structure of plain weave, sateen weave, twilling, regular mat weave and plain weave.
これら合計135試料に加えて、緯糸を羊毛80番双糸として打ち込み本数を1インチ当たり100と120で、それぞれ平織、朱子織から成る硬仕上げを施した4試料を加え、合計139試料とした。
２）方法
20℃の室温において、サーモラボⅡ[1]を用いて30℃の銅板を試料上に接触させた直後に銅版から材料に流れる熱流束をフィルター処理し、0.2sec後に現れる最大値qmaxを測定した。
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Translation / English
- Posted at 13 Apr 2012 at 15:10
In addition to these 135 samples, four strengthened fabrics of plain and sateen weaves with 100 and 120 threads of the wefts of no.8 two-fold wool threads woven into per inch were added. The total was 139.
2) Method
The maximum qmax was measured 0.2 sec after the thermal flux flowing on the copper plate was filtered right after the sample was attached by the 30℃ copper plate using Thermolabo Ⅱ[1] in the 20℃ room.
2) Method
The maximum qmax was measured 0.2 sec after the thermal flux flowing on the copper plate was filtered right after the sample was attached by the 30℃ copper plate using Thermolabo Ⅱ[1] in the 20℃ room.
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Translation / English
- Posted at 13 Apr 2012 at 11:27
In addition to these 135 samples in total, they used wool 80 two-folded yarn as weft with 100 and 120 driving numbers per 1 inch, and added 4 more samples with hard finishing made up of plain weave and sateen weave, then 139 samples in total.
2) Method
At 20 degrees room temperature they filtered heat flux flowing into material from copperplate right after bringing a 30 degrees temperature copperplate into contact with samples by using ThermolaboⅡand measured the maximum value of "qmax" coming after 0.2 seconds.
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2) Method
At 20 degrees room temperature they filtered heat flux flowing into material from copperplate right after bringing a 30 degrees temperature copperplate into contact with samples by using ThermolaboⅡand measured the maximum value of "qmax" coming after 0.2 seconds.
一般的に行われているこのqmaxの測定方法は、人の手によってT-boxを移動させる方法では置き方や実験者によってばらつきがあることが懸念されることから、本研究ではKES-G5ハンディー圧縮試験機に面積10㎝2の円形の銅板T-boxを備え付け、qmaxを測定し、従来の方法によるqmax値と比較を行った。測定は1試料につき3回ずつ行い、その平均値を測定と下。機械的にT-boxを試料上に接触させるということ以外は従来の方法と同じ原理である。
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Translation / English
The generally employed method to measure qmax by putting T-box with a hand of an experimenter might give variability in the results due to different experimenters. In this experiment, therefore, a qmax value was measured by using a KES-G5 handy-type press test meter equipped with a round copper T-box (area: 10cm2 ), and the qmax value obtained was compared with those obtained by a conventional method. Measurement was carried out three times for each sample, and the mean value was employed for comparison. Basically the difference is to put the T-box to the sample cloth mechanically; other procedures were the same as those of the conventional method.
- Posted at 13 Apr 2012 at 14:20
The generally employed method to measure qmax by putting T-box with a hand of an experimenter might give variability in the results due to different experimenters. In this experiment, therefore, a qmax value was measured by using a KES-G5 handy-type press test meter equipped with a round copper T-box (area: 10cm2 ), and the qmax value obtained was compared with those obtained by a conventional method. Measurement was carried out three times for each sample, and the mean value was employed for comparison. Basically the difference is to put the T-box to the sample cloth mechanically; other procedures were the same as those of the conventional method.
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Translation / English
- Posted at 13 Apr 2012 at 11:57
Amid concerns that the most widely used method for this "qmax"-measuring has possibly great variability among dispostion and experimenters in regard with how to move T-box with hands, in this study, they tried to set up a circular copperplate T-box with an area of 10cm with a handy KES-G5 compression tester, measure "qmax" and then compare with "qmax" value through conventional methods. They also tried to measure three times per each sample and compute the average level of these measurement. They followed the same principles as conventional methods except for mechanically bringing T-box into contact with samples.
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また、接触冷感に影響を及ぼす物理特性を明らかにするため、KES-Fを用いて標準条件で試料の引張特性（LT、WT、RT）、曲げ特性（B、2HB）、せん断（G、2HG、2HG5）、圧縮特性（LC、WC、RC）、表面特性（MIU、MMD、SMD）を測定し、qmaxとの関係を調べた。
接触冷感に関する主観評価は20℃、65%RHの室内で、冷感を感じない０から最も冷たい－４の5段階評価で冷感を評価した。被験者は19歳から22歳の大学生28名である。
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Translation / English
- Posted at 13 Apr 2012 at 14:44
To evaluate the physical characteristics of the sample cloth which affect the cool feeling on touch, we measured tension characteristic (LT, WT, RT), bending characteristic (B, 2HB), shear characteristic (G, 2HG, 2HG5), compression characteristic (LC, WC, RC), and surface characteristic (MIU, MMD, SMD) by using KES-F under a standard condition, and saw the relationship between these characteristics and qmax.
The subjective evaluation of the cool feeling on touch was carried out in a room at 20 oC and with relative humidity of 65%. The feeling evaluation was done by dividing the feeling into five steps: 0 for no cool feeling to 4 for remarkable cool feeling. The human subjects used were 28 college students with ages from 19 to 22..
The subjective evaluation of the cool feeling on touch was carried out in a room at 20 oC and with relative humidity of 65%. The feeling evaluation was done by dividing the feeling into five steps: 0 for no cool feeling to 4 for remarkable cool feeling. The human subjects used were 28 college students with ages from 19 to 22..
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Translation / English
- Posted at 13 Apr 2012 at 12:25
Also in order to clarify physical property influencing contact cool sensitivity, they measured tensile property (LT、WT、RT), bending property (B、2HB), shear (G、2HG、2HG5), compression property （LC、WC、RC), surface property （MIU、MMD、SMD) under standard conditions using KES-F to find out the relationship with "qmax".
Subjective appraisal value on contact cool sensitivity, at 20 degrees room temperature and 65% RH, helped them to assess cool sensitivity on a 5-point scale from '0' feeling no cool to '-4' feeling the coolest. The subjects were all 28 college students at age of 19 to 22.
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Subjective appraisal value on contact cool sensitivity, at 20 degrees room temperature and 65% RH, helped them to assess cool sensitivity on a 5-point scale from '0' feeling no cool to '-4' feeling the coolest. The subjects were all 28 college students at age of 19 to 22.
３．結果と考察
サーモラボⅡによって人の手によってT-boxを接触させて測定されたqmax値と、KES-G5に備え付けたT-boxを接触させて測定されたqmax値との関係を調べた結果、両者の間には相関係数0.85と高い正の相関関係がみられた。以下、この実験におけるqmaxの値はKES-G5に備え付けたT-boxを接触させて測定した値を代表値として扱うこととする。
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Translation / English
3. Results and Discussion
When the qmax values measured by putting the T-box on a cloth sample by a human hand using Thermolabo II were compared with those obtained by using a T-box attached on KES-G5, a high positive correlation factor of 0.85 was observed between the two group values. From now on the values of qmax obtained by using a T-box attached on KES-G5 will be employed as representative values.
- Posted at 13 Apr 2012 at 14:58
3. Results and Discussion
When the qmax values measured by putting the T-box on a cloth sample by a human hand using Thermolabo II were compared with those obtained by using a T-box attached on KES-G5, a high positive correlation factor of 0.85 was observed between the two group values. From now on the values of qmax obtained by using a T-box attached on KES-G5 will be employed as representative values.
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Translation / English
- Posted at 13 Apr 2012 at 12:49
3) Observed result
They examined the relationship "qmax" value measured by bringing T-box into contact with hands using ThermolaboⅡwith "qmax" value measured by bringing T-box into contact with KES-G5. Then they drew a conclusion about a high positive correlation between these 2 "qmax" values with correlation coefficient of 0.85. In what follows, the "qmax" value in this experimental trial should use the one measured by bringing T-box into contact with KES-G5 as representative value.
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They examined the relationship "qmax" value measured by bringing T-box into contact with hands using ThermolaboⅡwith "qmax" value measured by bringing T-box into contact with KES-G5. Then they drew a conclusion about a high positive correlation between these 2 "qmax" values with correlation coefficient of 0.85. In what follows, the "qmax" value in this experimental trial should use the one measured by bringing T-box into contact with KES-G5 as representative value.
主観評価値の平均値と各被験者の相関値との相関係数の平均値は0.6、各試料の評価値の標準偏差の平均値は0.8と1未満であることから、これらの評価値を各項目の主観評価値として扱うことは妥当であると考えられ、この値を主観評価値として扱うこととする。
qmax値と主観評価値の平均値の相関係数は－0.78で、高い相関関係がみられた。
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Translation / English
The average correlation factor between the average value of subjective evaluation and correlation value for the human subjects was 0.6 The average standard deviation of each sample’s evaluation value was 0.8 (less than 1). Therefore it seems reasonable to use these evaluation values as subjective evaluation values of all items; we will use there values as bona fide subjective evaluation values.
The average correlation factor for qmax values and subjective evaluation values were pretty high with -7.8.
- Posted at 13 Apr 2012 at 15:13
The average correlation factor between the average value of subjective evaluation and correlation value for the human subjects was 0.6 The average standard deviation of each sample’s evaluation value was 0.8 (less than 1). Therefore it seems reasonable to use these evaluation values as subjective evaluation values of all items; we will use there values as bona fide subjective evaluation values.
The average correlation factor for qmax values and subjective evaluation values were pretty high with -7.8.
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Translation / English
- Posted at 13 Apr 2012 at 14:41
0.6 is the average value of correlation coefficient with the average value of subjective appraisal value and correlation value of each subject, and 0.81 is the average value of standard variation for evaluation value of each sample. Then both values are less than 1.0, so they may be regarded as valid even if these evaluation values can be used as subjective appraisal value of each item and also treated as subjective appraisal value .
They drew a conclusion about a high correlation between "qmax" value and the average value of subjective appraisal value with correlation coefficient of -0.78.
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They drew a conclusion about a high correlation between "qmax" value and the average value of subjective appraisal value with correlation coefficient of -0.78.
スペルミス cooking=>cooling, measurents=>measurements, disccused=>discussed