Yumie (3_yumie7) — Translations

should capriciously side with the soldiers in preferring a quick and doubtful chance to a victory without danger,but, to the ruin of himself and them, he yielded, chiding them with these words, "I seem likely to carry on war like Pompey, not so much commanding now as commanded." I think that Brutus restricted himself to these words in order to conceal his greatest fear, lest those of his soldiers who had formerly served under Caesar should become disaffected and desert to the enemy. This both himself and Cassius had suspected from the beginning, and they had been careful not to give any excuse for such disaffection toward themselves.So Brutus led out his army unwillingly and formed them in line of battle.

気まぐれに兵士らに同調し、危険のないてっとり早く疑わしい勝利のチャンスの方を好んでいるが、それは彼自身も士官らも破滅に導くものだったからだ。彼は兵士らに次のような言葉でたしなめて譲歩した。「どうやら私は指揮しているというよりはむしろ指揮されているPompeyの戦いを続けているようだ。」思うに、BrutusはかつてCaesarに仕えていた自分の兵士らが不満を抱いて敵陣に逃亡してしまってはいけないから彼の最大の恐れを隠すためにこの言葉で自分を律したに違いない。これはBrutusもCassiusも最初から疑ってかかっていたことで、自分たちに対するそのような不満にはどのような言い訳もさせないように注意してきた。そこでBrutusは不承不承、軍を出して戦列を形成した。

Four stades farther they placed two legions, in order to extend themselves in this manner quite to the sea, with a view of breaking through the enemy's line either along the sea itself, or through the marsh, or in some other way, and to cut off their supplies. Brutus counteracted this movement by building fortified posts opposite their camps and in other ways.The task of Octavian and Antony became pressing, hunger was already felt, and in view of the magnitude of the coming famine the fear of it grew upon them more and more each day, for Thessaly could no longer furnish sufficient supplies, nor could they hope for anything from the sea, which was commanded by the enemy everywhere.

彼らは海にかなり近い所に勢力を伸ばすために4スタジア先に2レギオンを配備した。そこからは海沿い、湿地を通って、或いは別の方法で敵の前線を突破し、敵の食糧供給を遮断するのを一望できた。Brutusは敵の陣営の向かい側に要塞のある駐屯地を建設してその動きを妨げた。OctavianとAntonyの作業は急を要していた。兵士はすでに空腹を感じ、まもなく訪れる大規模な食糧の欠乏を前にして、兵士らの恐怖は日に日に増していた。Thessalyはもはや十分な食料を供給できず、至る所が敵の管理下にある海からは何も望むべくもなかった。

News of their recent disaster in the Adriatic having now reached both armies, it caused them fresh alarm, as also did the approach of winter while they were quartered in this muddy plain. Moved by these considerations they sent a legion of troops to Achaia at once to collect all the food they could find and send it to them in haste. As they could not rest under so great an impending danger, and as their other artifices were of no avail, they ceased offering battle in the plain and advanced with shouts to the enemy's fortifications, and challenged Brutus to fight, reviling and scoffing at him, intending not so much to besiege him as by a mad assault to force him to an engagement.

アドリア海における最近の災難の知らせは今や両軍の耳に入っており、またこの泥だらけの平野に駐屯しているのに冬が近づいていることもあり、兵士らに新たな不安を呼び起こした。このようなことを考慮し、見つけられる食糧を集めて急いで配送させるために、彼らはAchaiaに1レギオンを送った。差し迫った危機にそれほど長い間停滞しているわけにはいかず、他の策略は功を奏さなかったため、平野で戦うのをやめ、雄叫びを上げながら敵の要塞に突撃し、Brutusを包囲するというよりはむしろ気違いじみた突撃によってBrutusが交戦せざるを得なくなるよう、Brutusを罵り悪態をつきながら戦いを挑んだ。

But Brutus adhered to his original intention,and all the more because he knew of the famine and of his own success in the Adriatic,and of the enemy's desperation for want of supplies.He preferred to endure a siege,or anything else rather than come to an engagement with men desperate for hunger,and whose hopes rested solely on fighting because they despaired of every other resource. His soldiers, however, without reflection,entertained a different opinion.They took it hard that they should be shut up, idle and cowardly, like women, within their fortifications. Their officers also, although they approved of Brutus' design, were vexed, thinking that in the present temper of the army they might overpower the enemy.

だがBrutusは元の計画に固執した。食糧不足が訪れることや、アドリア海での自分の勝利、測量の欠乏による敵の絶望を知っていたたけになおさらそうだった。彼は空腹に絶望し、万策尽きて戦うことが唯一の希望となった兵士らを交戦するよりはむしろ包囲を持続することを選んだ。だた彼の兵士らはよく考えもせず別の選択肢を検討した。時間を無駄にして臆病な態度で女々しく要塞の中に閉じこもっていることは耐えがたいことだった。士官もBrutusの策略を認めていたものの、現在の軍の高揚した士気があれば、敵を圧倒することが出来ると考えて気を悪くしていた。

As the camp was in a strong position it was guarded by only a few men, for which reason Antony easily overcame them. Cassius' soldiers outside the camp were already being beaten, and when they saw that the camp was taken they scattered in disorderly flight. The victory was complete and alike on either side, Brutus defeating the enemy's left wing and taking their camp, while Antony overcame Cassius and ravaged his camp with irresistible courage. There was great slaughter on both sides, but by reason of the extent of the plain and the clouds of dust they were ignorant of each other's fate. When they learned the facts they recalled their scattered forces. Those who returned resembled porters rather than soldiers,

陣地は有利な位置にあったため、数人の兵士だけが警護していた。そのためAntonyは楽々と敵を制覇した。陣地の外にいたCassiusの兵士はすでに敗れ、陣地が敵に取られたことを知ると無秩序に散り散り逃げていった。こうして勝利が決まり、両陣とも同じような状況だった。Brutusは敵の左翼を打ち破り陣地を奪取し、一方Antonyは圧倒的な勇敢さでCassiusを打ち負かし陣地を奪った。両陣共に大虐殺が行なわれたが、見渡す限りの広々とした平野と濛々と立ち込める塵のために互いの結果を知らなかった。事実を知った時、散り散りになった軍を呼び戻した。戻ってきた者は兵士というより人夫のようで、

and did not at once perceive each other nor see anything clearly. Otherwise either party would have flung down their burdens and fiercely attacked the others carrying off plunder in this disorderly fashion.According to conjecture the number of killed on the side of Cassius,including slave shield-bearers,was about 8000, and on the side of Octavian double that number.When Cassius was driven out of his fortifications and no longer had even a camp to go to,he hurried up the hill to Philippi and took a survey of the situation.As he could not see accurately on account of the dust, nor could he see everything,but only that his own camp was captured,he ordered Pindarus, his shield-bearer, to fall upon him and kill him.

互いにすぐには相手の見分けがつかず、何もはっきりとは見えなかった。そうでなければ両軍共、荷物をおろし、敵を激しく攻撃して無秩序に略奪を行なったことだろう。推測によると、Cassius側の殺された兵士は奴隷の盾持ちを含めて約8000人、Octavian側はその倍に達したと見られている。Cassiusは要塞から追われ、行くべき陣地もなかったため、Philippiの丘に急ぎ状況をざっと見渡した。塵のために正確にはわからず、全てを見通すことができなかったが、自分の陣地だけは取られていたため、自分の盾持ちのPindarusに自分を襲い殺すよう命じた。

Brutus had a part of his army in line lest he should be compelled to fight; and with another part he guarded the road by which his supplies were conveyed. There was a hill very near the camp of Cassius, which it was difficult for an enemy to occupy, because by reason of its nearness, it was exposed to arrows from the camp. Nevertheless, Cassius had placed a guard on it, lest any one should make bold to attack it. As it had been abandoned by Brutus, the army of Octavian occupied it by night with four legions and protected themselves with wickerwork and hides against the enemy's bowmen. When this position was secured they transferred ten other legions a distance of more than five stades toward the sea.

Brutusは戦わざるを得なくなった時のために、自分の軍隊の一部を一列に並べていた。そして別の一部には軍需物資が運ばれる道を守らせていた。Cassiusの陣のすぐ傍に１つの丘があり、その近さから、陣地からの弓矢に晒されるため、敵がそれを占領するのは困難だった。にもかかわらずCassiusは誰かが大胆にも攻撃することがないよう1人の見張りを置いていた。その丘がBrutusによって放棄されたため、Octavian軍は夜のうちに4レギオンでそれを奪取し、籐の籠を身にまとい敵の弓兵から身を隠した。この位置が確保されると、今度は別の10レギオンを海に向かって10スタジアの位置に移した。

After working ten days in this manner he sent a column of troops by night suddenly, who occupied all the strong positions within his lines and built several redoubts at the same time. Cassius was amazed at the ingenuity as well as the secrecy of this work, and he formed the counter design of cutting Antony off from his redoubts. He carried a transverse wall across the whole marsh from his camp to the sea, cutting and bridging in the same manner as Antony had done, and setting up the palisade on the top of his mounds, thus intercepting the passage made by Antony, so that those inside could not escape to him, nor he render assistance to them.When Antony saw this about noon, instantly, with rage and fury,

こうして10日間作業した後、Antonyは自分の戦列の中でも確固たる地位を築いている戦列を夜のうちに送り込むと同時に幾つかの要塞を築いた。Cassiusは作戦の巧妙さと作業が密かに行なわれたことに驚き、Antonyを要塞から締め出すための反撃作戦を立てた。CassiusはAntonyがしたのと同じように葦を刈り取り橋を架け、自分の陣地から海に至る全ての湿地に亘って水平壁を持ち込み、丘の頂上に杭を立て、その中にいる者が逃げることが出来ず、こちらから手を差し伸べることもできないように、Antonyが作った通り道を遮断した。正午近くにこれを見たAntonyは、激怒して即座に

he turned his own army, which was facing in another direction, and led it against the cross-fortification of Cassius between his camp and the marsh. He carried tools and ladders intending to take it by storm and force his way into Cassius' camp. While he was making this audacious charge, obliquely and up hill, across the space that separated the two armies, the soldiers of Brutus were provoked at the insolence of the enemy in dashing boldly athwart their front while they stood there armed. So they charged on their own account, without any order from their officers, and killed with much slaughter (as natural in a flank attack) all they came up with. The battle once begun they charged upon the army of Octavian,

別の方向に向かっていた軍を呼び戻し、Cassiusの陣地と湿地の間にあるCassiusの十字に築かれた要塞に向かって率いていった。Antonyは敵を襲撃してCassiusの陣地に無理やり侵入するため道具やはしごを持った。Antonyが遠回りをし丘を越え、2つの軍隊を隔てる空間を超えてこの無謀な突撃をしようとすると、Brutusの兵士らは敵が自分たちが武装している前線を向こう見ずにも横切って突進する傲慢さに腹を立てた。そこで、兵士らは士官から何の命令も受けずに自分の責任において、（側面攻撃では当然のこととして）登ってくる兵士らは片っ端から皆殺しにした。一度戦いが始まると、兵士らはOctavianの軍に向かって突撃した。

also, which was drawn up opposite, put it to flight, pursued it to the camp which Antony and Octavian had in common, and captured it. Octavian himself was not there, having been warned in a dream to beware of that day, as he has himself written in his Memoirs.When Antony saw that battle was joined he was delighted because he had forced it, for he had been in trouble about his supplies he judged it inadvisable to turn again toward the plain, lest in making the evolution his ranks should be thrown into disorder. So he continued his charge, as he had begun it, on the run, and advanced under a shower of missiles, and forced his way till he struck the troop of Cassius which had not moved from its assigned position.

Octavianの軍は整列し、敵を敗走させ、AntonyとOctavianの共通の陣地まで追撃して敵を捕えた。Octavian自身は、回顧録の中に自分で記しているように、夢の中でその日に気をつけよ、という警告を受けたためそこにはいなかった。Antonyは自分が無理に戦いを仕掛けたため、交戦しているのを見て喜んだ。というのも彼は食糧補給に困っており、その状態が続いて自分の隊列の秩序が乱れては大変だと思っており、再び平野に軍隊を戻すのは得策ではなかったからだ。そこで自分が始めた突撃を続け、走り回り、投石が飛び交う中を進み、定位置から動いていなかったCassius軍を攻撃するまで敵を押し切って進軍していった。

Sorry for the long waiting. I was out of the city yesterday and not able to get internet access so I just saw your email.

I will contact HongKong today and ask for a new invoice for you. I am confused about what do you mean by my name and address? Does the custom need my name and the United States address? I think the name of the company and address in Hong Kong is enough, isn't it?
We usually do not provide any of our names to others due to some security reasons so we just give the name of the company or the name of the shipping company.

Please let me know how you want me to do it and I will try my best.

お待たせして申し訳ありません。昨日は街から出ていたのでインターネットに入ることが出来ず、たった今お客様のメールを拝見したところです。

今日香港に連絡を取り、お客様のために新しいインボイスを作るようf頼みます。私の名前と住所が何を意味するのかわからず戸惑っております。お客様が私の名前とアメリカの住所が必要なのでしょうか。香港の会社名と住所で十分なのではないでしょうか。
安全上の問題から通常は私どもの名前を他の方に提供いたしておりませんので、会社名と運送会社の名前のみ提供させて頂きます。

どうすれがよいかご指示くだされば最善を尽くさせて頂きます。

When they had done all that they intended and Octavian had arrived (for,although he was not yet strong enough for a battle, he could be carried along the ranks reclining in a litter),he and Antony prepared for battle forthwith.Brutus and Cassius also drew out their forces on their higher ground,but did not come down.They decided not to give battle,hoping to wear out the enemy by want of supplies.There were nineteen legions of infantry on each side,but those of Brutus and Cassius lacked something of being full,while those of Octavian and Antony were complete. Of cavalry the latter had 13 and the former 20, including Thracians on both sides.Thus in the multitude of men,in the spirit and bravery of the commanders,

彼らが意図していたことを全てをやり終えた時、Octavianは到着しており（彼はまだ戦闘に耐えうるほど丈夫ではなかったが、担架に寝かされ運ばれて来ることが可能だったため）、OctavianとAntonyは直ちに先頭の準備をした。BrutusとCassiusも軍隊をより高い土地に出したが降りてこなかった。彼らは 軍需品の不足によって敵が疲労することを期待して戦闘を始めなかった。両陣共歩兵隊が19レギオンあったが、BrutusとCassiusの歩兵隊は、人数が十分ではなく、一方 OctavianとAntonyの歩兵隊は人数を満たしていた。騎馬隊に関しては、両陣のThracian兄弟の隊を含めてOctavianとAntony側は13レギオン、BrutusとCassius側は20レギオンだった。このように大勢の兵士、指揮者らの精神と勇敢さ、

and in arms and munitions, was beheld a most magnificent display on both sides;yet they did nothing for several days.Brutus and Cassius did not wish to engage,but rather to continue wasting the enemy by lack of provisions,since they themselves had abundance from Asia, all transported by the sea from close at hand, all the enemy had nothing in abundance and nothing from their own territory.They could obtain nothing through merchants in Egypt,since that country was exhausted by famine, nor from Spain or Africa by reason of Pompeius, nor from Italy by reason of Murcus and Domitius.Macedonia and Thessaly, which were the only countries then supplying them, would not suffice much longer.Mindful chiefly of these facts

武器、軍需物資の中に両陣の最高にして壮大なものが見てとれた。数日間、彼らに動きは全くなかった。BrutusとCassiusは交戦することを望まず、むしろ食糧の蓄えの不足によって敵を消耗させ続けることを願った。彼ら自身はアジアから豊富に食糧を供給しており、全て近くから海を通して運ばれ、それらは手元にあった。エジプトは飢饉で疲弊していたためエジプトの商人からは何も手に入らず、Pompeiusが原因でスペイン、アフリカからも期待できず、MurcusとDomitiusのせいでイタリアからの供給も無理だった。MacedoniaとThessalyが唯一供給可能な国だったが、長期にわたって供給を受けるには十分ではなかった。主にこれらの事実に留意して、

Brutus and his generals protracted the war.Antony, fearful of the delay, resolved to force them to an engagement.He formed a plan of effecting a passage through the marsh secretly,if possible, in order to get in the enemy's rear without their knowledge,and cut off their avenue of supply from Thasos.So he arrayed his forces for battle with all the standards set each day, so that it might seem that his entire army was drawn up,while a part of his force was really working night and day making a narrow passage in the marsh, cutting down reeds, throwing up a causeway upon them, and flanking it with stone, so that the earth should not fall away,and bridging the deeper parts with piles, all in the profoundest silence.

Brutusと部下の将軍は戦争を遅らせた。Antonyは戦争が遅れるのを恐れ、無理に交戦させることにした。Antonyは湿地に密かに通り道を作り、敵に知られずに敵の背面にたどり着き、彼らのThasosからの物資配給の道を絶つ計画を立てた。そこでAntonyは全軍が整列しているのが見えるよう、毎日全ての標準の師団を戦闘用に配置する一方、一部の部隊は、狭い通り道を作るため日夜働いていた。葦を刈り取り、土を盛り、土が流れないよう両端を石で固め、より深い所は喰いを打ち込んで橋をかけた。全ての作業は完全な静寂の中で行なわれた。

but Antony moved his army rapidly, wishing to anticipate the enemy in occupying Amphipolis as an advantageous position for the battle. When he found it already fortified by Norbanus he was delighted. Leaving his supplies there and one legion, under the command of Pinarius, he advanced with the greatest boldness and encamped in the plain at a distance of only eight stades from the enemy, and straightway the superiority of the enemy's situation and the inferiority of his own became evident. The former were on elevated ground, the latter on the plain; the former procured fuel from the mountains, the latter from the marsh; the former obtained water from a river, the latter from wells freshly dug;

だがAntonyは、戦闘に有利な位置にあるAmphipolisを敵が占領するのに先立って自分の軍を素早く移動した。そこでNorbanusがすでに要塞を築いているのを見つけて彼は喜んだ。軍事物資と１レギオンをPinariusの指揮の下、そこに残し、彼は非常に大胆に進軍し、敵から僅か8スタジアの距離に陣取った。敵の状況が有利で自分の方が劣勢にあることが明らかになった。敵の陣地は高地にあり自分の陣地は平地にあった。敵の陣地は山から燃料を調達したが、自分の方は沼地から調達した。敵は川から水を調達したが、自分の方は掘ったばかりの井戸から水を得た。

the former drew their supplies from Thasos, requiring carriage of only a few stades, while the latter was 350 stades from Amphipolis. Still it seems that Antony was compelled to do as he did, for there was no other hill, and the rest of the plain, lying in a sort of hollow, was liable to inundation at times from the river; for which reason also the fountains of water were found fresh and abundant in the wells that were dug there. Antony's audacity, although he was driven to it by necessity, confounded the enemy when they saw him pitch his camp so near them and in such a contemptuous manner as soon as he arrived. He raised numerous towers and fortified himself on all sides with ditches, wall, and palisade.

敵はわすが数スタジアから運搬できるThasosから物資を調達したが、自分の方はAmphipolisからの距離が350スタジアもあった。他に丘はなく、一種の小渓谷に横たわる残りの平野は時に川からの水が氾濫する恐れがあり、Antony はそうせざるを得ないようだった。そのためそこに掘った井戸の水は新鮮で大量にあった。Antonyに必要に迫られてそうしたのだったが、敵がAntonyが自分たちの陣地から目と鼻の先に陣取り、到着するやいなやそうする人を小ばかにしたような態度を見て、その大胆さに敵は困惑した。Antonyは自分で多くの塔や要塞を、その全ての側面にある溝、井戸、柵と共に作った。

The enemy also completed their fortification wherever their work was defective. Cassius, observing that Antony's advance was reckless, extended his fortification at the only place where it was still wanting, from the camp to the marsh, a space which had been overlooked on account of its narrowness, so that there was now nothing unfortified except the cliffs on Brutus's flank and the marsh on that of Cassius and the sea lying against the marsh. In the centre everything was intercepted by ditch, palisade, wall, and gates.In this way both sides had fortified themselves, in the meantime making trial of each other by cavalry skirmishes only.

敵は自分たちの作業で欠陥がある箇所はすべて要塞化を終えていた。CassiusはAntony側の進み具合が無謀なのを見て、陣地から湿地までの間で、ただ1か所欠けていた場所まで要塞を拡大した。その空間は狭いために見過ごされており、Brutusの側面の崖とCassius の側面の湿地、それに湿地の向い側に横たわる海を除いては要塞化されていない場所は今やなかった。中央では全てが溝、柵、壁、門で遮断されていた。こうして両陣営とも自分自身で要塞を築いている一方、騎兵隊の小競り合いによってのみ互いに腕試しをしていた。

Each of the Thracian brothers received high commendation in his own army,the one because he had led an army by a secret path,the other because he had discovered the secret.Thus Brutus and Cassius by an astonishing act of audacity advanced to Philippi,where Tillius also disembarked,and the whole army was there assembled.Philippi is a city that was formerly called Datus,and before that Crenides,because there are many springs bubbling around a hill there.Philip fortified it because he considered it an excellent stronghold against the Thracians, and named it from himself, Philippi. It is situated on a precipitous hill and its size is exactly that of the summit of the hill.There is another hill not far from Philippi

Thracian兄弟は2人とも自身の軍隊で高い評価を受けた。1人は軍隊を秘密の道に誘導したこと、もう1人は秘密を発見したことがその理由だった。こうしてBrutusとCassiusは驚くべき大胆な行為によってPhilippi に進軍した。 PhilippiにはTilliusも上陸し、こうして全軍が集結した。PhilippiはかつてDatusと呼ばれ、その前は、その丘の周辺で多くの温泉が沸き立っていることからCrenidesと呼ばれた。Philipはこの地がThracianに対抗する素晴らしい要塞だと考えて要塞を作り、自分の名前を取ってPhilippiと名づけた。要塞は急峻な他に位置し、その大きさはちょうど丘の頂上の大きさだった。Philippiからそう遠くないところに別の丘があり、

which is called the Hill of Dionysus,in which are gold mines called the Asyla.Ten stades farther are two other hills,at a distance of eighteen stades from Philippi itself and eight stades from each other.On these hills Cassius and Brutus were encamped,the former on the southern and the latter on the northern of the two.They did not advance against the retreating army of Norbanus because they learned that Antony was approaching,Octavian having been left behind at Epidamnus on account of sickness.The plain was admirably suited for fighting and the hill-tops for camping,since on one side of them were marshes and ponds stretching as far as the river Strymon,and on the other gorges destitute of roads and impassable.

その丘はDionysusの丘と呼ばれ、その中はAsylaと呼ばれる金鉱だった。そこよりさらに10スタジア行くと別の２つの丘があり、Philippiからは18スタジア、Dionysusの丘との距離は8スタジアだった。これらの丘の上にCassius とBrutusは陣取り、Cassiusは2つの丘の南側、Brutusは2つの丘の北側に陣取った。Antonyが近づいており、Octavianは病のためにEpidamnusに取り残されたことを知ったため、2人はNorbanusの退却した軍隊の方に進軍しなかった。平野は戦に申し分なく、丘の頂上は野営に最適だった。それは丘の片側は沼地や池がStrymon河まで広がっており、もう片方の峡谷には道がなく通り抜けられない空だった。

Between these hills, eight stades apart, lay the main pass from Europe to Asia as between gates. Across this space they built a fortification from camp to camp, leaving a gate in the middle, so that the two camps became virtually one. Alongside this fortification flowed a river, which is called by some the Ganga and by others the Gangites, and behind it was the sea, where they could keep their supplies and shipping in safety. Their depot was on the island of Thasos, 100 stades distant, and their triremes were anchored at Neapolis, at a distance of seventy stades.Brutus and Cassius were satisfied with the position and proceeded to fortify their camps,

これらの丘の間の距離は８スタジアで、ヨーロッパからアジアに至る主要道が２つの門の中間点としてあった。この空間を超えると、彼らは２つの野営地が実際に１つになるよう門を真ん中に残して野営地から野営地に要塞を築いた。この要塞に平行して1本の川が流れており、GangaともGangitesとも呼ばれていた。川の背後には海があり、そこに軍需品や船舶を安全に確保することができた。倉庫は100スタジアの距離にあるThasos島にあり、三段櫂ガレー船は70スタジアの距離にあるNeapolisに停泊されていた。BrutusとCassiusは位置に満足し、 野営地の防衛強化を続けた。