xx (yuko_kubodera) Translations

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yuko_kubodera Japanese → English ★★★★☆ 4.0
Original Text

代用炭とは練炭、豆炭、炭団など木炭の代用品として使用された燃料の総称である。炭団は江戸時代から、練炭は明治中期、豆炭は大正中期に使われ始めた。代用炭需要の拡大は1920年代前半の木炭不足が契機となった。明治初年以来1920年に至るまで日本は大幅な木炭の輸出国であったが、1921年には輸入量が急増し、翌22年には木炭輸入国となった。特に関東大震災が起こった1923年は前年の二倍の木炭を輸入・移入した。木炭生産量が増加していたことを考えると、需要の増加は都市化が原因であろう。

Translation

Substitute coal is a collective term of fuels replaced and used by wood coal such as artificial coal, pea coal and coal field. People started using coal field from Edo era, artificial coal in the middle of Meiji era and pea coal in the middle of Taisho era.
The expansion of substitute coal's demand was caused by the shortage of wood coal in the early 1920's.
From the early times of Meiji era to 1920, Japan was a major exporter of wood coal, but the amount of import increased in 1921, Japan became an importer of wood coal on the following year 1922. Especially when the Great Kanto Earthquake struck in 1923, the amount of wood coal imported doubled.
Given the volume of production increased then, the increased demand could be attributed to urbanization.

yuko_kubodera Japanese → English ★★★★☆ 4.0
Original Text

本州と異なり、北海道では気候上ストーブなしの越冬は困難であった。1876年頃から札幌では薪燃料ストーブの使用が始まり、1890年代から石炭を燃料とするストーブが現れた。1920年代前半にかけて開拓の奥地化を原因とする薪不足より薪が高騰し、給炭に便利な貯炭式ストーブが国産化されたことも手伝い石炭の利用は急増した。1937年の調査では、石炭使用家屋の比率は市部では70%、郡部では33%であった。温暖な福岡県でも家庭用の石炭利用は多かったが、これは福岡が石炭産出県であることによる。

Translation

Unlike Japan's main island, it was difficult to pass the winter in Hokkaido without using stove because of the climate. People started using wood fuel stove since around 1876 in Sapporo and coal fuel stove came out in 1890's. The price of firewood rose since the early 1920's due to the shortage of firewood after further development of land. Then the usage of coal increased rapidly after convenient coal stock stove became domestically-produced. Survey in 1937 showed the ratio of household using coal fuel took up 70% in cities and 33% in countryside. Even in Fukuoka prefecture, where climate is mild, many households used coal fuel. This is because Fukuoka prefecture is one of the coal producing areas.