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For the soldiers demanded the cities which had been selected for them before the war as prizes for their valor,and the cities demanded that the whole of Italy should share the burden,or that the cities should cast lots with the other cities,and that those who gave the land should be paid the value of it;and there was no money.They came to Rome in crowds,young and old,women and children, to the forum and temples, uttering lamentations, saying that they had done no wrong for which they, Italians, should be driven from their fields and their hearthstones, like people conquered in war.The Romans mourned and wept with them, especially when they reflected that the war had been waged, and the rewards of victory given, not in behalf of the commonwealth,but against themselves and for a change of the form of government;that the colonies were established to the end that democracy should never again lift its head,— colonies composed of hirelings settled there by the rulers to be in readiness for whatever purpose they might be wanted.Octavian explained to the cities the necessity of the case,but he knew that it would not satisfy them;and it did not.The soldiers encroached upon their neighbors in an insolent manner,seizing more than had been given to them and choosing the best lands;nor did they cease even when Octavian rebuked them and made them numerous other presents, since they were contemptuous of their rulers in the knowledge that they needed them to confirm their power, for the five years' term of the triumvirate was passing away, and army and rulers needed the services of each other for mutual security. The chiefs depended on the soldiers for the continuance of their government, while, for the possession of what they had received, the soldiers depended on the permanence of the government of those who had given it. Believing that they could not keep a firm hold unless the givers had a strong government, they fought for them, from necessity, with good-will. Octavian made many other gifts to the indigent soldiers, borrowing from the temples for that purpose, for which reason the affections of the army were turned toward him,