[日本語から英語への翻訳依頼] 皆様こんにちは!日本アンビスインターナショナル移植アドバイザーの長瀬です。 2012年5月現在の世界の移植事情について説明します。 その前に患者の皆様が最...

Original text

皆様こんにちは!日本アンビスインターナショナル移植アドバイザーの長瀬です。
2012年5月現在の世界の移植事情について説明します。
その前に患者の皆様が最も聞きたいこと即ち現状渡航移植は可能なのか？・・・と言う事。その結論から申し上げたいと思います。
渡航移植は可能です。海外渡航者を受け入れてくる国はまだございます。皆様、その事については安心されて下さい！しかし年々海外で移植を必要とする患者は増えているにも関わらず、その環境は厳しくなっています。

翻訳 / 英語

Hi Everyone!
I am an organ transplant advisor, Nagase of Japan Anbis International Co., Ltd.
I would like to explain about the status of the organ transplant in the world as of May, 2012.
Before doing that, I would like to first come right to the point about what all of the patients want to know most is about whick is if an oversea transplant operation is really possible.
Yes, an operation oversea for organ transplant is possible. There still exist many countries accept foreign patients worldwide. Please rest assured about it! No matter how rapidly the number of the patients is increasing, however, the situation is getting tough.

[削除済みユーザ]- 12年以上前
最後は、Even if the number of the patients in need of transplant operation increases each year, the situation is getting tough.　にしてください。

Before doing thatのセンテンスは、Before doing so, I would like to first come right to the point about what all of the patients want to know about is, which is if an overseas transpant operation is really possible.

また、-2 ですか。出て行けということですかね。

[削除済みユーザ]- 12年以上前
最初に訂正した文ですが、日本語は、「関わらず」ですが、Even if　や、Despite　より、While のほうがいいとおもいます。

翻訳 / 英語

Hello, everyone! I am Nagase, the transplant adviser for Japan Anbis International.
Today I will be talking about the current state (as of May 2012) of global transplants.
Before that I would first like to share the conclusion of the thing all patients want to hear the most; namely, if current transplant tourism is possible.
Transplant tourism is possible. There are yet still countries accepting foreign travelers. I hope this news brings relief to all of you!
However, in spite of the yearly increase of patients overseas in need of transplants, the environment surrounding this is becoming stricter.

Original text

各国の法律は？
多くの国において、臓器提供や移植に関する法律が定められています。
　脳死については、法律で脳死を死と定めている国、あるいは法律には規定せず、医学会、医師会などの判断によって脳死を死と認めている国があります。臓器提供の条件としては、本人の意思が最優先されることは当然ですが、本人の意思が不明の場合は家族が提供を承諾すれば可能とするのが一般的です（アメリカ、カナダ、オーストラリアなど）。

翻訳 / 英語

How about the laws in each country?
Many countries have their own regulations about organ donation and transplant.
Brain death is legally defined as death in some countries while others don't have such a legally defined regulation but death is determined by a medical society or convention. The first priority in organ donation is, as a matter of course, whether or not the person pledged his/her organs to donate; however, when the person's will is not clear the family members can usually give consent in donating.(America, Canada or Australia etc.)

翻訳 / 英語

What are the laws of each country?
In many countries there are established laws concerning organ donation and transplants.
Concerning brain death, there are countries that legally consider brain death as dead or there are countries where it is not legally regulated and instead the decision depends on a medical society or medical association. As for organ donation, naturally the wishes of the person in question are most preferred but in cases where the person's wishes are unknown it is typically a decision made by the family (such as the United States, Canada, and Australia).

Original text

また、ヨーロッパを中心に、「本人が臓器提供を拒否する意思表示をしていなければ、臓器提供が可能」という法律を制定している国もあります（「推定同意」という。スペイン、ベルギー、オーストリアなど）。 なお、世界保健機構（WHO）による「臓器移植に関する指導指針」（1991年5月）では、臓器を提供できる条件は「本人意思が最優先で、不明の場合は遺族の意思による」とされています。

翻訳 / 英語

Also in the some of European countries, donation is allowed, "as long as the person has not expressed that he/she refused the organs to be donated."(called "Presumed Consent" in Spain, Belgium, Austria etc.)
Moreover, according to the "Guideline for Organ Transplantation," of WHO (May, 1991), it is promoted that the person's will is the first priority but the family members can decide if the person's will is not clear.

[削除済みユーザ]- 12年以上前
Also in some European countries　で、the　と of 　を取って下さい。

翻訳 / 英語

Also, within Europe that are countries that have established laws stating, "if the person in question has not denied organ donation then organ donation is possible" (it is known as an "assumed wish" and is in countries like Spain, Belgium, and Austria). Furthermore, according to the World Health Organization (WHO) in "Organ Transplant Guidelines" (May 1995), the requirements for offering organs are "Preference is given to the person in question. In instances where there are none, it is according to the wishes of the bereaved family."

Original text

あわせて同指針では、臓器提供者となりうる患者の死亡判定に移植医は関与できないこと、臓器売買の禁止、レシピエントは公平・公正に決められなければならないことなどが、国際社会の移植に関するコンセンサスとして示されています。また、献じん移植以外の移植として、　ドナーを直接的な生物学的つながりのある両親（１親等）や兄弟姉妹（２親等）から、対象者を拡大して組織適合性の面では非血縁者となる祖母・祖父（２親等）、オジ・オバ（３親等）、義父母、従兄弟、さらにまったくの非血縁者である配偶者、

翻訳 / 英語

Furthermore, the guidelines mention that the doctors who operate to transplant organs should not interfere in determining the death of the donors and prohibiting selling/buying of organs and fairness/openess in deciding a recipient, as the international consensus guidelines on organ transplantation.
次のセンテンスは、途中で切れているので、下のを見て次との関係で下に訳をします。

翻訳 / 英語

The guideline above shows the following consensus on transplant in internatioal societies.
Transplant surgeons cannot get involved in determination of death toward donors; organ-transplant trade is forbidden; recipients need to be selected impartially and fairly.
Also as transplant except cadaveric kidney transplant, the guideline regards donors as directly-and-biologically-related parents (first degree of kinship) and siblings (second degree of kinship), and then it expands donors to in terms of histocompatibility grandparents who are unrelated persons (second degree of kinship), uncles and aunts (third degree of kinship), in-laws, cousins and moreover spouses who are totally unrelated persons,

Original text

親族でも遠縁（民法上の親族とは、６親等以内の血族と配偶者、３親等以内の姻族）、親族にもあたらないまったくの他人、家族や意外の者からのドナー提供（第3者からのドナー提供）を許している国もあります。現在世界を取り巻く臓器移植の環境は、ドナー不足の為年々厳しさを増しております.
WHO（世界保健機構）は2008年イスタンブール宣言において、「自国のドナーは時刻で賄いなさい」とのガイドラインを発表しました。

翻訳 / 英語

Meanwhile some countries allow not only directly biologically related parents (the first degree of consanguinity), brothers and sisters (the second degree of consanguinity), but also extented families such as grandparents (the second degree of consanguinity), aunts and uncles (the third degree of consanguinity), cousins or completely biologically unrelated husband/wife, in-laws (ここに入ると思い動かしました), and distant relatives (relatives within the third/sixth degree of consanguinity) and even completely biologically or socially unrelated third parties to donate their organs in transplantations other than kindney's. The lack of donors is becoming a serious issue worldwide. The Istanbul Declaration of WHO in 2008 announced the guidelines, saying, "Your own donors should be supplied within your country."

翻訳 / 英語

distant relations (in accordance with the Civil Code relatives are defined to a blood relative of the party within the sixth degree of kinship, spouses and a relative by affinity of the party within the third degree.), unrelated persons and other non-family members, and in some countries they are all approved as donors. Circumstances of organ transplants around the world currently are getting tougher due to donor's shortage
every year.
WHO released guidelines that "each country needs to make donors by themselves" in 2008 Istanbul declaration.

Original text

例えば2003年～2007年まで中国では積極的に海外移植患者を受け入れて来ました。
フィリピンでは2007年移植ツーリズムとして国を上げて海外から患者を誘致して来ましたが、WHOからの圧力により2008年4月アロヨ大統領の一言で中断する結果となってしまいました。
現在、中国やフィリピンで未だ移植の話がございますが、それは正規なルートでは残念ながらありません。法律と行政命令に於いてはっきりと海外患者の受け入れは禁じられていることを頭に入れて考える必要があります。

翻訳 / 英語

For example, from 2003 until 2007 overseas transplant patients came to be positively received in China.
In 2007 the Philippines were elevated as a "transplant tourism" country that attracted patients from overseas, but pressure from WHO resulted in a sudden suspension by President Arroyo in April 2008.
Currently in both China and the Philippines there is still talk of transplants, but, unfortunately, these talks are not about legal routes for it. It's important to keep in mind and consider the clear prohibition in laws and executive orders of accepting overseas patients.

翻訳 / 英語

For example, China had worked hard to accept overseas transplant patients from 2003 to 2007. In the Philippines they had sought the overseas patients as a national program of "transplant tourism" in 2007, but it led to cessation made by President Arroyo in April 2008 due to pressure from WHO.
Now we heard those 2 countries accepting transplant patients yet, but I'm afraid they're not legitimate businesses. You need to remember that it's clearly forbidden by law and executive orders for them to accept overseas transplant patients.

Original text

（フィリピンでは国立腎臓移植研究所に於いて10%の枠で海外患者の枠はあることはあります。）アメリカは５％、しかし中止となる方向です。
そもそも臓器移植は違法なのでしょうか？　まったく違法な訳がありません。しかしその様な風潮が長い間認められてきました。また、インターネットでNPO組織と言われている人たちが盛んに臓器移植のサポートとしてスポンサー広告に大量の費用を投じ宣伝広告をしています。通常NPOは非営利組織な為、その様な広告費を投じて宣伝することはないのです。

翻訳 / 英語

(In the Philippines at the National Kidney and Transplant Institute there is a cap at 10% for overseas patients.) It's 5% for America, but heading toward discontinuation.
Are organ transplants illegal? It's certainly not that it is illegal. However, there are trends that have been going on for a long time. On the internet people calling themselves NPO organizations invest a lot of money to sponsor advertisements as enthusiastic support for organ donation. A normal NPO is a non-profit organization that does not invest in such advertisements.

翻訳 / 英語

(In the Philippines they accept overseas transplant patients within the range of 10 % at Natioal Kidney Transplant Center.) In U.S. only 5 %, but they're going ahead with cessation.
Do you think organ transplant is illegal at all? Not at all. However, it's become common-sense to assume that it is. Also through Internet NPO people work hard to spend so much money on commercial ads to support organ transplant. But they are nonprofit organizations, so it's nonsense to believe such a rumor.

Original text

患者の皆さんもその様な点について少し考える必要があります。
では、どの様にすれば、安全に渡航移植が出来るのでしょうか？
それはまずドナーについて知る必要があります。
ドナー制度は国によって様々です。
国によっては親族や近親者からのドナー提供しか認められていない国が殆どですが、国によっては第三者からの善意の提供を認めている国があります。（メキシコ、ヨルダン、インドネシア、ベトナム、スリランカ他）この様な国の正規な形での移植の道を求めるべきです。

翻訳 / 英語

All the patients need to think a little more about such an issue.
How can we travel for transplantation safely then?
Firstly, we need to know about donors.
Donor systems varies depending upon countries.
Most countries only allow organ donation from a family or a near relative but some counties allow a third party organ donation in good faith.( Mexico, Jordan, Indonesia, Vietnam, Sri Lanka etc.)
We should request an authorized way of donation in these countries.

翻訳 / 英語

All patients need to think a little more about such a point. Then how can you undergo a safe transplant overseas? At first, you need to know more about a donor. The donor system depends on each country.
Most of countries approve donation only from close relatives, but others approve donation from the third persons like Mexico, Jordan, Indonesia, Vietnum, Sri Lanka and so on. You need to seek official donation from these countries.

Original text

次に患者の皆さんが最も気になる費用ですが、これらの国では腎臓移植で800万円程度から（病院のレベルで費用が変わります。）肝臓移植、肺移植で1500万円から2000万円程度です。
衛生レベルや、アメニティはその国の最高峰の病院となります。
また、現地での言葉やサポートに関しても24時間サポートがされますので安心です。
以上、まだまだ全てのご質問には答えられませんが、いつでもサイトをご訪問頂ければ私が丁寧にご説明させていただきます。

翻訳 / 英語

Next is what the patients worry about most, the expense. The cost for kidney transplant starts from about 8 million yen in these countries. (depending on the hospital) Liver and lung transplants are about 15 to 20 million yen.
The levels of hospitals of these countries are the highest in terms of sanitation, amenities and technologies.
Also the language support in the local language is provided for 24 hours.
That is all to inform you so far but this may not be enough and if you have any questions while visiting our website I will be glad to explain to you as much as I can.

翻訳 / 英語

Next, the expenses most patients are concerned about, in these countries you are expected like following, depending on the level of hospitals: 8 millions yen for kidney transplant, 15 millions yen to 20 millions yen for liver or lung transplant. Sanitary services and amnities are provided at best hospitals in that country. Also you don't need to worry about the local languages and any supports over there for 24 hours.
I cannot answer all questions more than the above, but please feel free to visit out website and let me explain more for you.