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The general meaning of "Kaizen," to improve in Japanese, is to turn a problematic situation into a new better one. In manufacturing industries however, it is used as a term which refers to a bottom-up activity run by factory workers' initiative.
By reflecting the wisdom of workers in structuring the production equipment, one can gain an advantage in comparison with other companies using the same equipment.
Instead of just purchasing things in need, one can try using one's own creativity to find a substitute, as well as producing or improving them, which reduces the necessity of large-scale investments.
Kaizen is not what a company tells you to do, but it is what workers themselves, with their spontaneous ideas, do to change the situation. This is the great characteristic of Kaizen.

Development of new technologies
Development of innovative materials
Laws and ordinances