戦線日本においては農村部だけでなく都市部においても、大多数の農家は薪を自給していた。１９５０年代前半まで薪の総消費量のおよそ８５％は自給であった。都市部の一般家庭では、商人を通じて薪を購入していた。木炭は製法の違いによって白炭と黒炭とに分けられる。白炭は着火は遅いが火力が強く長持ちするため暖房用に使われた。後者は着火は早いが火力が弱く火持ちも悪いため炊事用に使われた。明治から全国各地で行われた家計消費データを調査することで、家庭用エネルギーの歴史的消費推計を得ることができる。
評価
60
翻訳 / 英語
- 2014/04/15 19:35:09に投稿されました
In Japan before the war, most of the farmers, not only in the rurals but also in the urban districts, provided firewoods for themselves. Until the mid 1950's self-sufficiency rates of firewoods were almost 85% of the total consumption. Regular homes in cities were buying firewoods from merchants. Wood charcoal is classified as white charcoal and black charcoal by the method it is produced. White charcoal ignites slow but lasts long with its high heat and used for heating, while the latter ignites fast but lasts less with its low heat and used for coocking. Studying the data of houshold spendings regionally collected throughout the country since the Meiji era leads to estimated household energy consumptions in a timeline.
評価
50
翻訳 / 英語
- 2014/04/15 19:16:27に投稿されました
Before WWII in Japan, the majority of farmers were self-sufficient in firewoods in not only rural areas but also urban areas. Approximately 85% of the total consumption of firewoods was self-sufficient until the early 1950s. In households in urban areas, people had to buy firewoods from merchants. Charcoals can be classified into white charcoals and black charcoals depending on the process they are made. As for the white charcoal, ignition is slow, but its thermal power is strong and it is also long-lasting. Therefore it was often used for heating. As for the latter, ignition is quick, but its thermal power is not strong and it is not long-lasting. Therefore, it was often used for cooking. Referring to the household consumption data that was conducted nationwide since Meiji era allows you to estimate the historical consumption of the residential energy.
★★★★★ 5.0/1
評価
52
翻訳 / 英語
- 2014/04/15 19:35:56に投稿されました
During the World War II, majority of Japanese farmers both in rural and urban areas provided firewood for themselves. Until the early 1950s, 85 percent of the overall consumption of firewood was self-support. The families in urban areas purchased firewood from merchants. With the difference of process of manufacture, charcoal is divided into two kinds, white and black charcoal. White charcoal was used for heaters since, although it doesn't get ignited quickly, it lasts longer. Black charcoal was used for cooking since, although it gets ignited quickly, its heat is weak, and it didn't last long. From the data of the research of the family budget consumption, which was conducted throughout the nation in the Meiji era, we can know the estimated figure of the historical comsumption of home energy.
評価
50
翻訳 / 英語
- 2014/04/15 19:07:53に投稿されました
Before 1945, not only in village but also in city, most farmers produced firewood by themselves.
Until the first half of 1950, about 85 percent of total firewood consumed was produced by themselves.
Families in cities used to purchase firewood through merchant.
By difference of charcoal, it is classified into white and black.
The white one is late in catching fire but it lasts long time, so it was used for warming the house.
The black one is fast to catch fire, but its power is weak and it lasted short time, so it was used for cooking.
By researching consumption data of household account that has been carried out since Meiji Era across the nation, we can estimate consumption of energy used at home in history.
Until the first half of 1950, about 85 percent of total firewood consumed was produced by themselves.
Families in cities used to purchase firewood through merchant.
By difference of charcoal, it is classified into white and black.
The white one is late in catching fire but it lasts long time, so it was used for warming the house.
The black one is fast to catch fire, but its power is weak and it lasted short time, so it was used for cooking.
By researching consumption data of household account that has been carried out since Meiji Era across the nation, we can estimate consumption of energy used at home in history.
★★★☆☆ 3.0/1
評価
50
翻訳 / 英語
- 2014/04/15 19:25:10に投稿されました
Most of the farmers were self-sufficient in firewoods not only in the country side but also in urban areas at the battle line in Japan.
85% of total firewoods consumption were self-sufficient until early 50's. Ordinary homes in urban area were purchasing the firewoods from the merchant.
Charcoal is classified into white charcoal and black charcoal depends on the manufacturing method. White charcoal is used as heating devise as it is slow in ignition but sustain the firepower for a long time.
Black charcoal is used for cooking as it is fast in ignition but weak in firepower and doesn't last long.
By investigating the consumption data researched around Japan in Meiji, we are able to know the historical estimation of consumption in home energy.
85% of total firewoods consumption were self-sufficient until early 50's. Ordinary homes in urban area were purchasing the firewoods from the merchant.
Charcoal is classified into white charcoal and black charcoal depends on the manufacturing method. White charcoal is used as heating devise as it is slow in ignition but sustain the firepower for a long time.
Black charcoal is used for cooking as it is fast in ignition but weak in firepower and doesn't last long.
By investigating the consumption data researched around Japan in Meiji, we are able to know the historical estimation of consumption in home energy.
coocking → cooking
ありがとうございました。