Yumie (3_yumie7) — Translations

Octavian and Antony rode through their own ranks shaking hands with those nearest them,urging them even more solemnly to do their duty and not concealing the danger of famine,because they believed that that would be an opportune incitement to bravery.Octavian and Antony roused the spirit of those with whom they came in contact.The emulation of the troops was excited to show themselves worthy of their commanders and also to escape the danger of famine, which had been greatly augmented by the naval disaster in the Adriatic.They preferred, if necessary, to suffer in battle, with the hope of success, rather than be wasted by an irresistible foe.Inspired by these thoughts, which each man exchanged with his neighbor,

OctavianとAntonyは、自分達に最も近い者たちと、その階級順に握手をし、一層厳粛に自分たちの義務を果たすよう促した。勇気を鼓舞する好機だと考えたため、食糧欠乏の危機を隠さなかった。OctavianとAntonyは、自分たちと接触する兵士らの士気を高揚した。 部隊は指揮者にふさわしい自分たちであろうと張り合い、またアドリア海の海軍の惨事により非常に拡大した食糧欠乏の危機から逃れようという想いもあり、士気はいやが上にも高まった。兵士らは、抵抗しがたい障害により衰弱していくよりはむしろ成功の望みをもって、必要あらば、戦闘をして苦しんだ方がましだった。身近な者達と分かち合ったこのような想いに触発されて、

the spirit of the two armies was wonderfully raised and both were filled with undaunted courage.They did not now remember that they were fellow-citizens of their enemies,but hurled threats at each other as though they had been enemies by birth and descent,so much did the anger of the moment extinguish reason and nature in them.Both sides divined equally that this day and this battle would decide the fate of Rome completely; and so indeed it did.The day was consumed in preparations till the ninth hour, when two eagles fell upon each other and fought in the space between the armies, amid the profoundest silence. When the one on the side of Brutus took flight his enemies raised a great shout and battle was joined.

２つの軍隊の士気は素晴らしく高揚し、両軍共に不屈の勇気に満たされた。兵士らは自分たちの敵が自分と同じ市民であることを今や忘れ、代々の、生まれながらの敵であるかのように互いに脅し合い、その時はあまりの怒りで彼らの中にある理性や人間性などはかき消されていた。両軍共同じように、この日、この戦いがローマの運命を完全に決定するのだと予測し、実際その通りだった。その日は第9時（午後3時）まで戦闘の準備に費やしていると、2羽の鷹が互いの軍に舞い降りてきて、両軍の間の空間で深い静寂のまっただ中で戦った。Brutus側に舞い降りた鷹が逃げると、敵陣から大きな歓声が起こり、両者は交戦した。

The onset was superb and terrible.They had little need of arrows, stones, or javelins, which are customary in war, for they did not resort to the usual manoeuvres and tactics of battles, but, coming to close combat with naked swords, they slew and were slain, seeking to break each other's ranks. On the one side it was a fight for self-preservation rather than victory: on the other for victory and for the satisfaction of the general who had been forced to fight against his will. The slaughter and the groans were terrible. The bodies of the fallen were carried back and others stepped into their places from the reserves. The generals flew hither and thither overlooking everything, exciting the men by their ardour.

攻撃は素晴らしく、恐ろしかった。兵士らは通常の作戦行動や戦術を用いなかったため、戦争で使い慣れた弓、石、投げ槍などはほとんど必要なかった。その代わり、むき出しの刀による接近戦が行なわれ、敵陣の鮮烈を乱そうとして殺し、殺された。一面では、それは勝利というよりはむしろ自衛本能で、他面では自分の意志に反して戦わざるを得なかった将軍の勝利と満足のためだった。大虐殺の様相とうめき声はすさまじかった。戦死者の遺体は持ち帰られ、予備兵が代わって彼らの位置に入った。将軍らは全体を見通しながら行き来し、熱心に兵士らを鼓舞した。

On the same day that witnessed the battle at Philippi another great calamity took place in the Adriatic. Domitius Calvinus was bringing two legions of infantry on transport ships to Octavian,one of which was known as the Martian legion, a name which had been given to it as a distinction for bravery. He led also a praetorian cohort of about 2000 men, four squadrons of horse, and a considerable body of other troops, under the convoy of a few triremes. Murcus and Ahenobarbus met them with 130 war-ships. A few of the transports that were in front got away under sail. But the wind suddenly failing, the rest drifted about in a dead calm on the sea, delivered by some god into the hands of their enemies.For the latter,

Philippiの戦いが行なわれたのと同じ日、アドリア海でもう１つの大きな災難が降りかかっていた。Domitius Calvinusは歩兵隊２レギオンを船でOctavianに移送していた。その2レギオンのうちの1つはMartian(マルスの）レギオンとして知られており、その卓越した勇敢さから（軍神マルスの）名がつけられていた。Domitiusは約2000名の近衛兵の歩兵隊と、4つの騎兵大隊と他の大規模な中隊を三段櫂ガレー船数隻に載せて率いていた。MurcusとAhenobarbusは１３０隻の軍艦で対戦した。最前列の数隻は帆を張って逃げた。しかし突然強風に煽られ、他の船は、ないだ海上で押し流され、神によって敵の手中に引き渡された。

without danger to themselves, fell upon each ship and crushed it; nor could the triremes that escorted them render any aid, since they were hemmed in by reason of their small number. The men who were exposed to this danger performed many deeds of valour. Sometimes they hastily warped their ships together with ropes and made them fast with spars to prevent the enemy from breaking through their line. But when they succeeded in doing this Murcus discharged burning arrows at them. Then they cast off their fastenings as quickly as possible and separated from each other on account of the fire and thus again were exposed to being surrounded or rammed by the triremes.Some of the soldiers, and especially the Martians,

Murcus、Ahenobarbus側は何の危険もなく、敵のそれぞれの船に向かっていき完全に打ち負かした。軍をエスコートしていたガレー船もその数の少なさから全く支援することができなかった。このような危険にさらされた兵士らは、多くの勇敢な行動を示した。時には敵が前線を破るのを防ぐために、船の引き綱を引いてスパーで速度を上げた。しかし兵士らがそれに成功した時、Murcusは火のついた矢を放った。そこで兵士らは火事のために出来るだけ速く締め具を解いて、互いの船を引き離した。こうして再び敵に包囲され、ガレー船に追突された。兵士の中でも特に勇敢なマルスの軍隊の兵士らは、

who excelled in bravery, were exasperated that they should lose their lives uselessly,and so killed themselves rather than be burned to death;others leaped on board the triremes of the enemy,selling their lives dearly. Vessels half burned floated a long time, containing men perishing by fire, or hunger, and thirst. Others, clinging to masts or planks, were thrown upon barren rocks or promontories, and of these some were saved unexpectedly. Some of them even lasted for five days by licking pitch, or chewing sails or ropes, until the waves bore them to the land. The greater part, vanquished by their misfortunes, surrendered to the enemy. Seventeen triremes surrendered, and the men in them took the oath to Murcus.

敵の手にかかって無益に命を落とすことに憤慨し、焼死するよりは自らの命を絶った。また敵のガレー船に乗り込み、敵に大損害を与えて命を落とす者もあった。半ば焼けた船は、火事と空腹と喉の渇きの中で亡くなっていく兵士らを乗せたまま、長い間漂流した。マストや厚板にしがみついていた他の兵士らの中には不毛の岩や岬に投げ出されて図らずも命を得た者もいた。また、ピッチをなめたり帆や綱をしゃぶって波が彼らを陸地に運ぶまでの５日間命をつないだ者までいた。大部分の兵士は不幸に打ち負かされ、敵に包囲された。１７隻の三段櫂ガレー）船は降伏し、乗船していた兵士らはMurcusに忠誠を誓った。

Brutus himself was the cause of these murmurs, being of a gentle and kindly disposition toward all — not like Cassius, who had been austere and imperious in every way, for which reason the army obeyed his orders promptly, not interfering with his authority, and not criticising them when they had learned them. But in the case of Brutus they expected nothing else than to share the command with him on account of his mildness of temper. Finally, the soldiers began more and more openly to collect together in companies and groups and to ask each other, " How have we offended lately — we who conquered the enemy and put him to flight; we who slaughtered those opposed to us and took their camp?" Brutus

Brutus自身が、このような不満の原因となっていた。誰に対しても親切で思いやりのある性質をもつBrutusは、全ての面で厳格で横柄なCassiusとは違っていた。Cassiusのそのような性格のために、兵士らは即座に命令に従い、彼の権限に干渉もしなかったし、命令を知ってもそれを批判したりすることもなかった。だがBrutusの場合は、彼の温和な性質のために、兵士らは彼と指揮権を共有するより他のことは期待していなかった。ついに兵士らは皆で堂々と集まっては「最近我らはいかに気分を害していることか。敵を征服し、敗走させ、歯向かう者は虐殺して、敵の陣地を奪取した我らであるのに。」などとますます尋ね合うようになっていた。

took no notice of these murmurs,nor did he call an assembly,lest he should be forced from his position,contrary to his dignity,by the unreasoning multitude,and especially by the mercenaries,who,like fickle slaves seeking new masters,always rest their hopes of safety on desertion to the enemy.His officers also kept irritating him and urging him to make use of the eagerness of the army now, which would speedily bring glorious results. If the battle should turn out adversely, they could fall back to their walls and put the same fortifications between themselves and the enemy. Brutus was especially vexed with these, for they were his officers, and he grieved that they, who were exposed to the same peril as himself,

Brutusはこのような不満には気付かなかったし、分別のない群衆、とりわけ新しい主人を探している移り気な奴隷のように、常に助かる望みを敵の逃亡にかけている傭兵によって、自分の威厳に反して無理にそうさせられないように会議も召集しなかった。彼の士官らも彼に苛立っており、彼に兵士らの士気があれば即刻華々しい結果が得られるからそれを活用するよう急き立てた。もし戦いが自分たちに不利になれば陣地まで後退して陣地と敵との間に同じ要塞を築けばよいと主張した。Brutusは特にこれらに気を悪くした。それは自分と同じ危険にさらされている自分の士官らが

should capriciously side with the soldiers in preferring a quick and doubtful chance to a victory without danger,but, to the ruin of himself and them, he yielded, chiding them with these words, "I seem likely to carry on war like Pompey, not so much commanding now as commanded." I think that Brutus restricted himself to these words in order to conceal his greatest fear, lest those of his soldiers who had formerly served under Caesar should become disaffected and desert to the enemy. This both himself and Cassius had suspected from the beginning, and they had been careful not to give any excuse for such disaffection toward themselves.So Brutus led out his army unwillingly and formed them in line of battle.

気まぐれに兵士らに同調し、危険のないてっとり早く疑わしい勝利のチャンスの方を好んでいるが、それは彼自身も士官らも破滅に導くものだったからだ。彼は兵士らに次のような言葉でたしなめて譲歩した。「どうやら私は指揮しているというよりはむしろ指揮されているPompeyの戦いを続けているようだ。」思うに、BrutusはかつてCaesarに仕えていた自分の兵士らが不満を抱いて敵陣に逃亡してしまってはいけないから彼の最大の恐れを隠すためにこの言葉で自分を律したに違いない。これはBrutusもCassiusも最初から疑ってかかっていたことで、自分たちに対するそのような不満にはどのような言い訳もさせないように注意してきた。そこでBrutusは不承不承、軍を出して戦列を形成した。

Four stades farther they placed two legions, in order to extend themselves in this manner quite to the sea, with a view of breaking through the enemy's line either along the sea itself, or through the marsh, or in some other way, and to cut off their supplies. Brutus counteracted this movement by building fortified posts opposite their camps and in other ways.The task of Octavian and Antony became pressing, hunger was already felt, and in view of the magnitude of the coming famine the fear of it grew upon them more and more each day, for Thessaly could no longer furnish sufficient supplies, nor could they hope for anything from the sea, which was commanded by the enemy everywhere.

彼らは海にかなり近い所に勢力を伸ばすために4スタジア先に2レギオンを配備した。そこからは海沿い、湿地を通って、或いは別の方法で敵の前線を突破し、敵の食糧供給を遮断するのを一望できた。Brutusは敵の陣営の向かい側に要塞のある駐屯地を建設してその動きを妨げた。OctavianとAntonyの作業は急を要していた。兵士はすでに空腹を感じ、まもなく訪れる大規模な食糧の欠乏を前にして、兵士らの恐怖は日に日に増していた。Thessalyはもはや十分な食料を供給できず、至る所が敵の管理下にある海からは何も望むべくもなかった。

News of their recent disaster in the Adriatic having now reached both armies, it caused them fresh alarm, as also did the approach of winter while they were quartered in this muddy plain. Moved by these considerations they sent a legion of troops to Achaia at once to collect all the food they could find and send it to them in haste. As they could not rest under so great an impending danger, and as their other artifices were of no avail, they ceased offering battle in the plain and advanced with shouts to the enemy's fortifications, and challenged Brutus to fight, reviling and scoffing at him, intending not so much to besiege him as by a mad assault to force him to an engagement.

アドリア海における最近の災難の知らせは今や両軍の耳に入っており、またこの泥だらけの平野に駐屯しているのに冬が近づいていることもあり、兵士らに新たな不安を呼び起こした。このようなことを考慮し、見つけられる食糧を集めて急いで配送させるために、彼らはAchaiaに1レギオンを送った。差し迫った危機にそれほど長い間停滞しているわけにはいかず、他の策略は功を奏さなかったため、平野で戦うのをやめ、雄叫びを上げながら敵の要塞に突撃し、Brutusを包囲するというよりはむしろ気違いじみた突撃によってBrutusが交戦せざるを得なくなるよう、Brutusを罵り悪態をつきながら戦いを挑んだ。

But Brutus adhered to his original intention,and all the more because he knew of the famine and of his own success in the Adriatic,and of the enemy's desperation for want of supplies.He preferred to endure a siege,or anything else rather than come to an engagement with men desperate for hunger,and whose hopes rested solely on fighting because they despaired of every other resource. His soldiers, however, without reflection,entertained a different opinion.They took it hard that they should be shut up, idle and cowardly, like women, within their fortifications. Their officers also, although they approved of Brutus' design, were vexed, thinking that in the present temper of the army they might overpower the enemy.

だがBrutusは元の計画に固執した。食糧不足が訪れることや、アドリア海での自分の勝利、測量の欠乏による敵の絶望を知っていたたけになおさらそうだった。彼は空腹に絶望し、万策尽きて戦うことが唯一の希望となった兵士らを交戦するよりはむしろ包囲を持続することを選んだ。だた彼の兵士らはよく考えもせず別の選択肢を検討した。時間を無駄にして臆病な態度で女々しく要塞の中に閉じこもっていることは耐えがたいことだった。士官もBrutusの策略を認めていたものの、現在の軍の高揚した士気があれば、敵を圧倒することが出来ると考えて気を悪くしていた。

As the camp was in a strong position it was guarded by only a few men, for which reason Antony easily overcame them. Cassius' soldiers outside the camp were already being beaten, and when they saw that the camp was taken they scattered in disorderly flight. The victory was complete and alike on either side, Brutus defeating the enemy's left wing and taking their camp, while Antony overcame Cassius and ravaged his camp with irresistible courage. There was great slaughter on both sides, but by reason of the extent of the plain and the clouds of dust they were ignorant of each other's fate. When they learned the facts they recalled their scattered forces. Those who returned resembled porters rather than soldiers,

陣地は有利な位置にあったため、数人の兵士だけが警護していた。そのためAntonyは楽々と敵を制覇した。陣地の外にいたCassiusの兵士はすでに敗れ、陣地が敵に取られたことを知ると無秩序に散り散り逃げていった。こうして勝利が決まり、両陣とも同じような状況だった。Brutusは敵の左翼を打ち破り陣地を奪取し、一方Antonyは圧倒的な勇敢さでCassiusを打ち負かし陣地を奪った。両陣共に大虐殺が行なわれたが、見渡す限りの広々とした平野と濛々と立ち込める塵のために互いの結果を知らなかった。事実を知った時、散り散りになった軍を呼び戻した。戻ってきた者は兵士というより人夫のようで、

and did not at once perceive each other nor see anything clearly. Otherwise either party would have flung down their burdens and fiercely attacked the others carrying off plunder in this disorderly fashion.According to conjecture the number of killed on the side of Cassius,including slave shield-bearers,was about 8000, and on the side of Octavian double that number.When Cassius was driven out of his fortifications and no longer had even a camp to go to,he hurried up the hill to Philippi and took a survey of the situation.As he could not see accurately on account of the dust, nor could he see everything,but only that his own camp was captured,he ordered Pindarus, his shield-bearer, to fall upon him and kill him.

互いにすぐには相手の見分けがつかず、何もはっきりとは見えなかった。そうでなければ両軍共、荷物をおろし、敵を激しく攻撃して無秩序に略奪を行なったことだろう。推測によると、Cassius側の殺された兵士は奴隷の盾持ちを含めて約8000人、Octavian側はその倍に達したと見られている。Cassiusは要塞から追われ、行くべき陣地もなかったため、Philippiの丘に急ぎ状況をざっと見渡した。塵のために正確にはわからず、全てを見通すことができなかったが、自分の陣地だけは取られていたため、自分の盾持ちのPindarusに自分を襲い殺すよう命じた。

Brutus had a part of his army in line lest he should be compelled to fight; and with another part he guarded the road by which his supplies were conveyed. There was a hill very near the camp of Cassius, which it was difficult for an enemy to occupy, because by reason of its nearness, it was exposed to arrows from the camp. Nevertheless, Cassius had placed a guard on it, lest any one should make bold to attack it. As it had been abandoned by Brutus, the army of Octavian occupied it by night with four legions and protected themselves with wickerwork and hides against the enemy's bowmen. When this position was secured they transferred ten other legions a distance of more than five stades toward the sea.

Brutusは戦わざるを得なくなった時のために、自分の軍隊の一部を一列に並べていた。そして別の一部には軍需物資が運ばれる道を守らせていた。Cassiusの陣のすぐ傍に１つの丘があり、その近さから、陣地からの弓矢に晒されるため、敵がそれを占領するのは困難だった。にもかかわらずCassiusは誰かが大胆にも攻撃することがないよう1人の見張りを置いていた。その丘がBrutusによって放棄されたため、Octavian軍は夜のうちに4レギオンでそれを奪取し、籐の籠を身にまとい敵の弓兵から身を隠した。この位置が確保されると、今度は別の10レギオンを海に向かって10スタジアの位置に移した。

After working ten days in this manner he sent a column of troops by night suddenly, who occupied all the strong positions within his lines and built several redoubts at the same time. Cassius was amazed at the ingenuity as well as the secrecy of this work, and he formed the counter design of cutting Antony off from his redoubts. He carried a transverse wall across the whole marsh from his camp to the sea, cutting and bridging in the same manner as Antony had done, and setting up the palisade on the top of his mounds, thus intercepting the passage made by Antony, so that those inside could not escape to him, nor he render assistance to them.When Antony saw this about noon, instantly, with rage and fury,

こうして10日間作業した後、Antonyは自分の戦列の中でも確固たる地位を築いている戦列を夜のうちに送り込むと同時に幾つかの要塞を築いた。Cassiusは作戦の巧妙さと作業が密かに行なわれたことに驚き、Antonyを要塞から締め出すための反撃作戦を立てた。CassiusはAntonyがしたのと同じように葦を刈り取り橋を架け、自分の陣地から海に至る全ての湿地に亘って水平壁を持ち込み、丘の頂上に杭を立て、その中にいる者が逃げることが出来ず、こちらから手を差し伸べることもできないように、Antonyが作った通り道を遮断した。正午近くにこれを見たAntonyは、激怒して即座に

he turned his own army, which was facing in another direction, and led it against the cross-fortification of Cassius between his camp and the marsh. He carried tools and ladders intending to take it by storm and force his way into Cassius' camp. While he was making this audacious charge, obliquely and up hill, across the space that separated the two armies, the soldiers of Brutus were provoked at the insolence of the enemy in dashing boldly athwart their front while they stood there armed. So they charged on their own account, without any order from their officers, and killed with much slaughter (as natural in a flank attack) all they came up with. The battle once begun they charged upon the army of Octavian,

別の方向に向かっていた軍を呼び戻し、Cassiusの陣地と湿地の間にあるCassiusの十字に築かれた要塞に向かって率いていった。Antonyは敵を襲撃してCassiusの陣地に無理やり侵入するため道具やはしごを持った。Antonyが遠回りをし丘を越え、2つの軍隊を隔てる空間を超えてこの無謀な突撃をしようとすると、Brutusの兵士らは敵が自分たちが武装している前線を向こう見ずにも横切って突進する傲慢さに腹を立てた。そこで、兵士らは士官から何の命令も受けずに自分の責任において、（側面攻撃では当然のこととして）登ってくる兵士らは片っ端から皆殺しにした。一度戦いが始まると、兵士らはOctavianの軍に向かって突撃した。

also, which was drawn up opposite, put it to flight, pursued it to the camp which Antony and Octavian had in common, and captured it. Octavian himself was not there, having been warned in a dream to beware of that day, as he has himself written in his Memoirs.When Antony saw that battle was joined he was delighted because he had forced it, for he had been in trouble about his supplies he judged it inadvisable to turn again toward the plain, lest in making the evolution his ranks should be thrown into disorder. So he continued his charge, as he had begun it, on the run, and advanced under a shower of missiles, and forced his way till he struck the troop of Cassius which had not moved from its assigned position.

Octavianの軍は整列し、敵を敗走させ、AntonyとOctavianの共通の陣地まで追撃して敵を捕えた。Octavian自身は、回顧録の中に自分で記しているように、夢の中でその日に気をつけよ、という警告を受けたためそこにはいなかった。Antonyは自分が無理に戦いを仕掛けたため、交戦しているのを見て喜んだ。というのも彼は食糧補給に困っており、その状態が続いて自分の隊列の秩序が乱れては大変だと思っており、再び平野に軍隊を戻すのは得策ではなかったからだ。そこで自分が始めた突撃を続け、走り回り、投石が飛び交う中を進み、定位置から動いていなかったCassius軍を攻撃するまで敵を押し切って進軍していった。

Sorry for the long waiting. I was out of the city yesterday and not able to get internet access so I just saw your email.

I will contact HongKong today and ask for a new invoice for you. I am confused about what do you mean by my name and address? Does the custom need my name and the United States address? I think the name of the company and address in Hong Kong is enough, isn't it?
We usually do not provide any of our names to others due to some security reasons so we just give the name of the company or the name of the shipping company.

Please let me know how you want me to do it and I will try my best.

お待たせして申し訳ありません。昨日は街から出ていたのでインターネットに入ることが出来ず、たった今お客様のメールを拝見したところです。

今日香港に連絡を取り、お客様のために新しいインボイスを作るようf頼みます。私の名前と住所が何を意味するのかわからず戸惑っております。お客様が私の名前とアメリカの住所が必要なのでしょうか。香港の会社名と住所で十分なのではないでしょうか。
安全上の問題から通常は私どもの名前を他の方に提供いたしておりませんので、会社名と運送会社の名前のみ提供させて頂きます。

どうすれがよいかご指示くだされば最善を尽くさせて頂きます。

When they had done all that they intended and Octavian had arrived (for,although he was not yet strong enough for a battle, he could be carried along the ranks reclining in a litter),he and Antony prepared for battle forthwith.Brutus and Cassius also drew out their forces on their higher ground,but did not come down.They decided not to give battle,hoping to wear out the enemy by want of supplies.There were nineteen legions of infantry on each side,but those of Brutus and Cassius lacked something of being full,while those of Octavian and Antony were complete. Of cavalry the latter had 13 and the former 20, including Thracians on both sides.Thus in the multitude of men,in the spirit and bravery of the commanders,

彼らが意図していたことを全てをやり終えた時、Octavianは到着しており（彼はまだ戦闘に耐えうるほど丈夫ではなかったが、担架に寝かされ運ばれて来ることが可能だったため）、OctavianとAntonyは直ちに先頭の準備をした。BrutusとCassiusも軍隊をより高い土地に出したが降りてこなかった。彼らは 軍需品の不足によって敵が疲労することを期待して戦闘を始めなかった。両陣共歩兵隊が19レギオンあったが、BrutusとCassiusの歩兵隊は、人数が十分ではなく、一方 OctavianとAntonyの歩兵隊は人数を満たしていた。騎馬隊に関しては、両陣のThracian兄弟の隊を含めてOctavianとAntony側は13レギオン、BrutusとCassius側は20レギオンだった。このように大勢の兵士、指揮者らの精神と勇敢さ、