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The body is the main part of the speech where important ideas are developed.
The conclusion is the final section of the speech which summarizes, removates, and indicates that the presentation is finished.
The following are the steps involved in preparing an oral presentation:
●Selecting and Narrowing a Topic
Some subjects are so broad and complex that you cannnot speak about the whole topic selection. The amount of time allowed for the speech is important in your topic selection. In a five-minute presentation, for example, you could not effectively tell much about the history of a country. This is too broad a topic, but you could talk about one particular event in the country's history.
When you narrow your subject, divide it into parts and use one of those parts as the area to be coveredby your speech. For example, the general topic "Human Rights,"could be narrowed to "Freedom of speech in Country X"
●Determining a purpose
Most presentations have one of three general purposes: to entertain, to inform,and to persuade.
You need to consider the general purpose of your speech. Ask yourself these questions:
*why am I speaking?
*what do I hope to accomplish?
*How do I want the audience to react?
If the general purpose for the narrowed topic, "Freedom of speech in Coutry X,"is to inform, your specific purpose might be "To get the audience to understand cleary the abuse of human right in Country X." The value of determining the general and specific purposes of your speech is that the choices of support for your topic are immediately narrowed.
●Understanding your Audience
To accomplish the purpose of your speech, you must consider the situation and circumstances relating to it. To do this, you have to understand your audience so you can adjust your materials and yourwords to the people with whom you wish to communicate. You will find it helpful to know the following information about your listeners.First, you need to know their social and economic position. Second, the education level of your audience must be considered. In order for communication to take place, the listeners must understand what you are saying. Third, the way the audience thinks and feels toward you is also very important.
●Deciding on the Main Idea
In order for your presentation and ideas to have a clear direction, you need to state your own idea. This is done is the introduction. The following is an example of a main idea:"Freedom of speech in Country X is non-existent. Citizens cannot speak their opinions without fear of reprisal; the news media are government controlled; and foreign broadcasts are severely restricted." The audience knows exactly what you will cover: the problem of the lack of freedom of speech in Country X. They also know thatyour presentation will include examples: ordinary citizens are afraid to speak their minds;