[11] Cristobal v. Court of Appeals, 353 Phil. 320, 326 [1998]; Sarmiento v. Court of Appeals, 353 Phil. 834, 845-846 [1998]; Concepcion v. Court of Appeals, 324 SCRA 85, 91 [2000], citing Congregation of the Virgin Mary v. Court of Appeals, 353 Phil. 591, 597 [1998] and Sarmiento v. Court of Appeals, supra; Arriola v. Mahilum, 337 SCRA 464, 469 [2000]; Bolanos v. Court of Appeals, 345 SCRA 125, 130-131 [2000].
[12] Article 1878, Civil Code.
[13] Article 1874, Civil Code; Cosmic Lumber Corporation v. Court of Appeals, 332 Phil. 948, 957 [1996]; De los Reyes v. Court of Appeals, 372 Phil. 522, 538 [1999].
[12] 民法1878条
[13] 民法1874条 、Cosmic Lumber Corporation v. 控訴裁判所 332 Phil. 948, 957 [1996]; De los Reyes v. 控訴裁判所 372 Phil. 522, 538 [1999].
[12] 民法1878条。
[13] 民法1874条; Cosmic Lumber Corporation対控訴裁判所、332フィル。 948、957 [1996年]; De los Reyes対控訴裁判所、372フィル。 522、538 [1999年]。