[Translation from English to Japanese ] So the friends of Octavian advised him not to go among them,but to keep out o...

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固有名詞は訳さないでいいです。

Original text

So the friends of Octavian advised him not to go among them,but to keep out of the way of their mad career.But he went forward, thinking that their madness would be augmented if he did not come.When he saw the body of Nonius he turned aside.Then, assuming that the crime had been committed by a few,he chided them and advised them to exercise forbearance toward each other hereafter,and proceeded to divide the land.He allowed the meritorious ones to ask for rewards, and he gave to some who were not meritorious, contrary to their expectation. Finally the crowd were confounded; they repented and were ashamed of their importunity; they condemned themselves and asked him to search out and punish the slayers of Nonius.

Translation / Japanese

Octavianの友人は兵士らのところに行かないで熱狂し狂った連中は避けて通るよう助言した。だが行かなければその狂気は増長すると思い前進した。OctavianはNoniusの遺体を見ると顔を背けた。そして何人かの兵士によって犯罪が行なわれたと推測すると、今後はお互いに時制することを訓練するようたしなめ助言し、土地分割の問題に入った。Octavianは功績があるものに対しては褒美を要求することを許し、功績がないものに対しても期待に反して土地を与えた。最終的に兵士らは困惑し、自分たちの要求のしつこさを後悔し恥じ、自らを攻め、OctavianにNoniusを殺害した者を探し出して罰するよう求めた。

Original text

He replied that he knew them and would punish them only with their own guilty consciences and the condemnation of their comrades. The soldiers, thus honoured with pardon, rewards, and gifts, changed at once to joyful acclamations.Let these two instances out of many serve as examples of the prevailing insubordination. The cause was that the generals, for the most part, as is usually the case in civil wars, were not regularly chosen; that their armies were not drawn from the enrolment according to the custom of the fathers, nor for the benefit of their country; that they did not serve the public so much as they did the individuals who brought them together; and that they served these not by the force of law,

Translation / Japanese

Octavianは殺害者と知っており、自分自身の罪の意識と仲間の有罪宣告によってのみ　罰せられるだろうと答えた。こうして兵士らは謝罪して褒美と贈り物を受け取り、それは直ちに喜びの拍手喝采に代わった。多くの優勢だった不服従の例の中から役に立ちそうな例を以上２つ挙げた。その原因の大部分は、内戦にはいつもつきものだが、手続きに則って将軍が選ばれなかったこと、兵士らが先祖からの習慣に従った入隊によって国家の利益のために選ばれていないこと、兵士らを集めた個人に対してほど公共のためには奉仕していないこと、兵士らは法的拘束力によってではなく、

Original text

but by reason of private promises; not against the common enemy, but against private foes; not against foreigners, but against fellow-citizens, their equals in rank. All these things impaired military discipline, and the soldiers thought that they were not so much serving in the army as lending assistance, by their own favor and judgment, to leaders who needed them for their own personal ends. Desertion, which had formerly been unpardonable, was now actually rewarded with gifts, and whole armies resorted to it, including some illustrious men, who did not consider it desertion to change to a like cause, for all parties were alike, since neither of them could be distinguished as battling against the common enemy.

Translation / Japanese

個人的な約束、すなわち共通の敵に対してではなく、外国人に対してではなく、同じ立場の市民に対して、といったような個人的な仇を理由として奉仕していたこと等だった。以上の全ての原因によって軍の規律が正常に機能しなくなった。そして兵士らは、個人的な目的のために自分たちを必要としている指導者を自分自身の願いや判断によって支援するほどには軍隊の中では役に立っていないと考えていた。かつては許されない行為だった脱走が、今は贈り物を得て賞賛され、兵士皆がそれを頼りにした。共通の敵と戦っているとは誰も区別できなかったため、皆同類であり、傑出した兵士でさえ自分が気に入っているという理由で奉仕する相手を変えることを脱走だとは考えなかった。