[日本語から英語への翻訳依頼] 世界各国の移植状況とサポートセンターについて ・各国の法律は？ 多くの国において、臓器提供や移植に関する法律が定められています。 脳死については...

原文 / 日本語

世界各国の移植状況とサポートセンターについて
・各国の法律は？
　多くの国において、臓器提供や移植に関する法律が定められています。
　脳死については、法律で脳死を死と定めている国、あるいは法律には規定せず、医学会、医師会などの判断によって脳死を死と認めている国があります。臓器提供の条件としては、本人の意思が最優先されることは当然ですが、本人の意思が不明の場合は家族が提供を承諾すれば可能とするのが一般的です（アメリカ、カナダ、オーストラリアなど）。

翻訳 / 英語

About Transplant Conditions and Support Centers Around the World
・ Laws of each country
In many countries the laws regarding organ donation and transplant have been determined.
Regarding brain death, there are countries that have laws to determine death by brain death or more specifically countries who have not established those laws, where death by brain death is decided based on the judgment of medical convention or medical association. Regarding the terms for organ donation, of course the will of the donor is the utmost priority but in the case that the donors will is unclear then generally the family of the donor has the ability to accept the transplant (USA, Canada, Australia, etc).

翻訳 / 英語

About transplant situation in the world and support center
* What about laws in the world?
In many countries, there are laws and regulations regarding the organ donation and transplant.
Regarding the brain death, law provides that brain death as a death in some countries. And, in other countries, law does not provide specific definition, but let medical convention or medical association determine whether a brain death case treats as a death. Regarding the condition of organ transplant, of course, the consent of the person is the top priority. However, it is generally accepted if his/her family can give a permission to donate the organ when the person is unconscious or under the similar condition. (such as USA, Canada, and Australia)

原文 / 日本語

また、ヨーロッパを中心に、「本人が臓器提供を拒否する意思表示をしていなければ、臓器提供が可能」という法律を制定している国もあります（「推定同意」という。スペイン、ベルギー、オーストリアなど）。 なお、世界保健機構（WHO）による「臓器移植に関する指導指針」（1991年5月）では、臓器を提供できる条件は「本人意思が最優先で、不明の場合は遺族の意思による」とされています。

翻訳 / 英語

Furthermore, particularly in Europe, there are countries whose laws state that “if the person’s will has not been shown to refuse organ transplant, then it is possible to perform the transplant” (This is called “presumed consent”. Spain, Belgium, Austria etc). Also, according to the “Guiding Principles for Organ Transplants” provided by The World Health Organization (WHO), the terms for whether an organ can be donated are stated as: “The deceased person’s will is put above everything else, and in the case that the person's will is unclear the decision may be based on the will of the family of the deceased”.

翻訳 / 英語

In addition, there are countries, especially in Europe, to set its law as "Organ donation is acceptable if the person declare his/her intention to reject to be organ donor. " According to "Instruction Guide regarding the Organ Transplant" by WHO (May 1991), the condition to donate the organ is "the person's intent is the utmost priority. If the person's intent is unknown, the decision is up to decease's family.

原文 / 日本語

あわせて同指針では、臓器提供者となりうる患者の死亡判定に移植医は関与できないこと、臓器売買の禁止、レシピエントは公平・公正に決められなければならないことなどが、国際社会の移植に関するコンセンサスとして示されています。

翻訳 / 英語

Also in this guideline, it is stated that the transplant surgeon cannot be involved in the declaration of death of the organ donor, selling and buying of organs is prohibited, as well as the decision of who will be a recipient must be fair and equitable as agreed by the international society regarding organ transplants.

翻訳 / 英語

And also, in the guidelines, it is shown as the consensus for the international community implant that the transplant surgeon can not involve in the death declaration of the possible donor patient, ban the organ trade, and the recipients has to be decided impartially and fairly.

原文 / 日本語

また、献じん移植以外の移植として、　ドナーを直接的な生物学的つながりのある両親（１親等）や兄弟姉妹（２親等）から、対象者を拡大して組織適合性の面では非血縁者となる祖母・祖父（２親等）、オジ・オバ（３親等）、義父母、従兄弟、さらにまったくの非血縁者である配偶者、親族でも遠縁（民法上の親族とは、６親等以内の血族と配偶者、３親等以内の姻族）、親族にもあたらないまったくの他人、家族や意外の者からのドナー提供を許している国もあります。

翻訳 / 英語

Other than a kidney transplant, using a kidney donation after death, donor would usually be a person who is directly involved and biologically-related, such as parents(1st-degree relative) and brothers and sisters(2nd-degree relative), grandparents (2nd-degree relative),defined as unrelated in terms of histocompatibility, and uncles and aunts(3rd-degree relative), father and mother-in-law, cousins, spouse who is unrelated , distant relatives (according to the Civil Law, scope of relatives cover up to 6th-degree relatives and spouse, and up to 3rd-degree relatives in-law.)
There are also countries where anyone, a non-relative, can even be authorized and become a living organ donor.

原文 / 日本語

さらに、死刑囚からのドナー提供、死刑囚から本人同意の上のドナー提供を許している国などが挙げられます。
このように各国様々な法律に基づき、臓器移植が行われている現状があります。
現在合法的に第３者からの移植を可能としてる国は僅かであり、さらに卓越した医療技術及び施設を有する機関と言うと非常に限られてきます。
我々サポートセンターではその様な限られた世界であるが、合法的にしかも確かな医療技術と施設を有する病院、医師を紹介しています。

翻訳 / 英語

Also, some countries allow condemned criminals to donate their organs for transplant if their consent is obtained.
Like this, organ transplants are being performed today in accordance with each country's law.
Today the number of such countries as organ transplantation is legalized in is small, and there exist a very few organizations that can offer the state-of-the art medical technologies and facilities.
Even in such a condition, our support center can present the information about hospitals with reliable technologies and facilities as well as reliable doctors.