Yumie (3_yumie7) — Translations

they asked that Octavian should take the colony leaders of Antony's legions from Antony's own friends, although the agreement with Antony yielded the selection to Octavian exclusively; they made it a matter of complaint that Antony was not present. They themselves brought Fulvia and Antony's children before the soldiers, and, in terms such as would cause ill feeling, besought them not to forget Antony or allow him to be deprived of the glory or the gratitude due to his service to them. The fame of Antony was then at its height, not only among the soldiers, but among all others. The victory of Philippi was considered wholly due to him, on account of Octavian's illness.

Antonyとの合意では、Antonyのレギオンの植民地の指揮官にはOctavianのみが選出されることで譲歩されていたのに、Antony自身の友人の中から植民地の指揮官を出すようOctavianに要求した。彼らはAntonyの不在を申し立ての理由とした。彼ら自身FulviaとAntonyの子供たちを兵士らの前に連れて行き、 不信感を招くような言葉を使って、Antonyを忘れないでほしい、Antonyの兵士らに対する尽力に対する賞賛と感謝を取り上げないでほしい、と懇願した。Antonyの名声はその当時兵士の間だけでなく他の人々の間でも絶頂期にあった。Octavianは病に伏していたため、Philippiの戦いの勝利はすべて彼のおかだと考えられていた。

Although Octavian was not ignorant that it was a violation of the agreement, he yielded as a matter of favour to Antony, and appointed friends of the latter as colony leaders for Antony's legions. These leaders, in order that they might appear more favourable to the soldiers than Octavian was, allowed them to commit still greater outrages. So there was another multitude from another group of communities, neighbours of the dispossessed ones, suffering many injuries at the hands of the soldiers, and crying out against Octavian, saying that the colonisation was worse than the proscription, since the latter was directed against foes, while the former was against unoffending persons.

Octavianはそれは合意の侵害だと知らないわけではなかったが、Antonyのためと思い自分が折れ、Antonyの友人をAntonyのレギオンの植民地の指揮官として指名した。これらの指揮官は、Octavianよりも自分たちが一層有利になるよう一層の暴力行為を犯すことを許可したため、共同体の別の団体や土地をはく奪された隣人らの一層多くの人々が兵士による多くの損害に苦しみ、追放政策は敵に対してなされたが、植民地化は何の罪もない人々に対してなされているので、植民地化は追放よりもひどいと述べてOctavianに強く抗議した。

Recent rumors have claimed that the iPhone 5S will be the first iPhone to come in colors other than black and white, so we think Apple will most likely anodize the rear aluminum plate of the iPhone and the antenna band so that it looks something like in the picture above.


Apple already adds color to iPod Touches and iPod Nanos through the process of aluminum anodization, but maybe they’re looking for another Anodization Engineer to help with the iPhone 5S. Or they’re just filling a vacancy. Either way, it’s looking more likely that the iPhone 5S will look something like this.

最近の噂によると、iPhone 5Sはブラック、ホワイト以外の色が揃う最初のiPhoneとなることから、AppleはiPhoneの背面のアルミニウム板とアンテナバンドをアルマイト処理するようで、そうすると上の画像のような外観になる。

Appleはアルマイト処理によってiPod Touch、iPod Nanoに新色を加えているが、今回はiPhone 5Sのために別のアルマイト処理加工エンジニアを募集しているらしい。どちらにしてもiPhone 5Sの外観はこのようになる可能性が高いように思われる。

For the soldiers demanded the cities which had been selected for them before the war as prizes for their valor,and the cities demanded that the whole of Italy should share the burden,or that the cities should cast lots with the other cities,and that those who gave the land should be paid the value of it;and there was no money.They came to Rome in crowds,young and old,women and children, to the forum and temples, uttering lamentations, saying that they had done no wrong for which they, Italians, should be driven from their fields and their hearthstones, like people conquered in war.The Romans mourned and wept with them, especially when they reflected that the war had been waged, and the rewards of victory given,

その勇気に対する褒美として戦争が始まる前に選んでいた街やイタリア全土を要求していた兵士は負担を分担し、他の街を運命を共にせねばならなかった。そして土地を与えた者には土地代が支払われねばならなかったが、金はなかった。そこでそのような人々は老いも若きも女も子供も群衆となってローマに来てフォーラムや寺院で口々に、自分イタリア人たちは戦争で征服された国民のように土地や家を追われるような誤ったことは何１つとしてしていないのに、と悲嘆を訴えた。ローマ人も彼らと共に嘆き悲しんだ。とりわけ、戦争が行なわれ、

not in behalf of the commonwealth,but against themselves and for a change of the form of government;that the colonies were established to the end that democracy should never again lift its head,— colonies composed of hirelings settled there by the rulers to be in readiness for whatever purpose they might be wanted.Octavian explained to the cities the necessity of the case,but he knew that it would not satisfy them;and it did not.The soldiers encroached upon their neighbors in an insolent manner,seizing more than had been given to them and choosing the best lands;nor did they cease even when Octavian rebuked them and made them numerous other presents, since they were contemptuous of their rulers in the knowledge

公共の利益のためにではなく、自分自身のためや政治形態の変化のために勝利に対する褒美が支払われており、隅々まで確立された植民地、自分たちに必要ないかなる目的も準備する支配者によって確立された金目当ての人間で構成されている植民地では、民主主義が再興することは決してないことを熟考すればなおさら悲嘆にくれた。Octavianは町々に対して論拠の必要性を説明したが彼自身もそれでは人々が納得しないことを承知していた。兵士らは隣人の家に侵入し、自分たちが受け取った以上の物を略奪し、最良の土地を選び、Octavianが兵士らを叱責し、他に多くの贈り物をしてもそのような行為は止まらなかった。というのは兵士らは

that they needed them to confirm their power, for the five years' term of the triumvirate was passing away, and army and rulers needed the services of each other for mutual security. The chiefs depended on the soldiers for the continuance of their government, while, for the possession of what they had received, the soldiers depended on the permanence of the government of those who had given it. Believing that they could not keep a firm hold unless the givers had a strong government, they fought for them, from necessity, with good-will. Octavian made many other gifts to the indigent soldiers, borrowing from the temples for that purpose, for which reason the affections of the army were turned toward him,

三頭政治の5年間の期限が過ぎ去ろうとしていて三執政官らが自分たちの権力を確実にするために兵士らの血からを必要としており、支配者らには自らの安全のための兵士らの兵役が必要であることを知っていたため、支配者らをさげずんでいたからだ。統治を継続できるか否かは兵士らにかかっており、自分たちが受け取ったものの所有に関しては、それらを贈与した政府が永続するかどうかにかかっていた。贈与者に強い統治能力がなければ、兵士らもそれらを所有し続けられるかどうかは確かではないと信じていたため、彼らは互いに必要から、あるいは好意から争った。Octavianは生活に困窮した兵士らを救う目的で寺院から金を借りてやったため、兵士らの愛情はOctavianの方に傾いた。

There remained to them,including those who had come over from Brutus,eleven legions of infantry and 14,000 horse.Of these Antony took,for his foreign expedition,six legions and 10,000 horse.Octavian had five legions and 4000 horse,but of these he gave two legions to Antony in exchange for others that Antony had left in Italy under the command of Calenus. Octavian then proceeded toward the Adriatic;but when Antony arrived at Ephesus he offered a splendid sacrifice to the city's goddess and pardoned those who,after the disaster to Brutus and Cassius, had fled to the temple as suppliants, except Petronius, who had been privy to the murder of Caesar, and Quintus,who had betrayed Dolabella to Cassius at Laodicea.

兵士らはそこに残り、Brutus側から入ってきた兵も含めると、歩兵部隊11レギオンと馬1万4000頭になった。Octavianは5レギオンと馬4000頭を持ったが、AntonyがイタリアにCalenusの指揮の下に残す兵を引き換えに2レギオンをAntonyに与えた。そしてOctavianはアドリア海に向かって進んだが、AntonyはEphesusに着いた時、街の女神にすばらしい捧げものをし、BrutusとCassiusの敗北の後、嘆願して寺院に入った者をPetroniusとQuintusを除いて許した。PetroniusはCaesar殺害の当事者でQuintusはLaodiceaでCassiusにDolabellaの計画を漏らした。

As Octavian was journeying to Rome his illness became acute at Brundusium,and a rumor gained currency that he was dead.On his recovery he returned to the city and showed to Antony's friends the letters Antony had written.The Antonians directed Calenus to give Octavian the two legions,and wrote to Sextius in Africa to turn that province over to him.This was the course of the Antonians while,as it appeared that Lepidus had not been guilty of any serious wrong,Octavian transferred Africa to him in exchange for his former provinces.He also sold the remainder of the property confiscated under the conscriptions.The task of assigning the soldiers to their colonies and dividing the land was one of exceeding difficulty.

Octavianはローマへの旅の途中、Brundusiumで病が重くなり、Octavianは亡くなったという噂が流布した。Octavianは回復すると町に戻り、Antonyの友人にAntonyが書いた手紙を見せた。Antony派はCalenusにOctavianに２レギオン渡すよう命じ、アフリカのSextiusにその地方を彼に譲るよう手紙を書いた。Lepidusは重大な過ちを犯して有罪であるようには見えなかったため、Antony派はそのような方向に進め、Octavianは自分の以前所有していた地方と引き換えにアフリカを譲った。Octavianはまた徴兵制の下で没収した財産の残りも売った。兵士らに領土を割り当て国土を分割するのは並々ならぬ困難な作業の１つだった。

Thus the army of Antony and Octavian confirmed the prediction of their generals, passing in one day and by one blow from extreme danger and famine and fear of destruction to lavish wealth, absolute security, and glorious victory. Moreover, that result came about which Antony and Octavian had predicted as they advanced into battle. Their form of government was decided by that day's work chiefly, and they have not gone back to democracy yet. Nor was there any further need of similar contentions with each other, except the strife between Antony and Octavian not long afterward, which was the last that took place between Romans.

こうしてAntonyとOctavianは、1回の攻撃によって1日のうちに、極度の危険、飢餓、破滅の恐怖からふんだんの富、絶対の安全、華々しい勝利へと変わるという将軍たちの予言が正しかったことを確かめた。さらに、AntonyとOctavianが戦いに突入した時に、予言したことについて、そのような結果が起こった。彼らの政治形態はほとんどまる1日の仕事によって決まり、まだ民主政治には戻っていなかったし、その後始まるAntonyとOctavianの対立を除いては互いにそれらしい主張をする必要などなかった。その対立はローマ人の間で行なわれた最後のものだった。

The events that happened after the death of Brutus, under Sextus Pompeius and the friends of Cassius and Brutus, who escaped with the very considerable remains of their extensive war material, were not to be compared to the former in daring or in the devotion of men, cities, and armies to their leaders; nor did any of the nobility, nor the Senate, nor the same glory, attend them as attended Brutus and Cassius.After the victory of Philippi Octavian and Antony offered a magnificent sacrifice and awarded praise to their army. In order to provide the rewards of victory Octavian went to Italy to divide the land among the soldiers and to settle the colonies. He chose this himself on account of his illness. Antony

事件はBrutusの死後、Sextus PompeiusやCassius、Brutusの友人の下で起こった。彼らは残されたかなりの量の軍事物資をもって逃げていたが、その勇敢さや兵士、街、軍隊の指揮官に対する献身の程度は以前におよぶべくもなく、貴族も元老院もBrutusとCassiusを扱ったようには彼らを扱わなかったし同じ栄光も得られなかった。Philippi における勝利の後、OctavianとAntonyは多くの捧げものをし、兵士らに褒美を与えた。勝利の褒美としてOctavianはイタリアに行き国土を兵士らに分け与え、居留地を作った。彼は自分の病気から自分でこれを選んだ。

went to the nations beyond the Aegean to collect the money that had been promised to the soldiers.They divided the provinces among themselves as before and took those of Lepidus besides.For it was decided, at the instance of Octavian to make Cisalpine Gaul independent, as the elder Caesar had intended. Lepidus had been accused of betraying the affairs of the triumvirate to Pompeius and it was decided that if Octavian should find that this accusation was false other provinces should be given to Lepidus. They dismissed from the military service the soldiers who had served their full time except 8000 who had asked to remain. These they took back and divided between themselves and formed them in praetorian cohorts.

Antonyは兵士らに約束した金を集めるためAegeanより先の国々に言った。彼らは以前と同じように地方を分割し、さらにLepidusの土地も得た。父CaesarがそうしようとしていたようにCisalpine Gaulを独立国としたいというOctavianの求めに応じてそのように定められた。Lepidusは三頭政治の事柄をPompeiusに漏らしたとして起訴され、もしOctavianがこの訴えが間違いであることがわかった時には他の地方がLepidusに与えられると定められた。彼らは自らが希望して残った8000名の兵士を除いて終日兵役についていたその他の兵士を解散した。兵士らは兵役の戻り自らが分団し、近衛兵歩兵隊を形成した。

Rhascus, the Thracian, brought many troops from the mountains. He asked and received as his reward the pardon of his brother, Rhascupolis, from which it was made plain that from the beginning these Thracians had not been at variance with each other, but that seeing two great and hostile armies coming into conflict near their territory, they divided the chances of fortune in such a way that the victor might save the vanquished. Porcia, the wife of Brutus and sister of the younger Cato, when she learned that both had died in the manner described, although very strictly watched by domestics, seized some hot embers that they were carrying on a brazier, and swallowed them. Of the other members of the nobility

Thracian兄弟のうちRhascusは山から大勢の部隊を連れて降り、その褒美として兄のRhascupolisの赦免を得た。この事実から明らかなように、Thracian兄弟は最初から互いに仲違いなどしておらず、自分の領地の近くで２つの大きな敵対する軍隊が衝突するのを見て、このような形で勝利者が敗北者を救って運をつかむチャンスを分け合ったのだ。Brutusの妻で若きCatoの妹だったPorciaは先に述べたような形で2人とも命を絶ったことを知ると、女中に厳しく監視されていたにもかかわらず、火鉢の上に載せてあった熱い薪の燃えさしを飲みこんだ。他の貴族に関しては、

who escaped to Thasos some took ship from thence, others committed themselves with the remains of the army to the judgment of Messala Corvinus and Lucius Bibulus, men of equal rank, to do for all what they should decide to do for themselves. These came to an arrangement with Antony and Octavian, whereby they delivered to Antony on his arrival at Thasos the money and arms, besides abundant supplies and a great quantity of war material, there in store.Thus did Octavian and Antony by perilous daring and by two infantry engagements achieve a success, the like of which was never before known; for never before had such numerous and powerful Roman armies come in conflict with each other.

Thasosから逃れた者のうち、ある者はそこから船を出し、ある者は残りの兵士と共に同等の地位にあったMessala CorvinusとLucius Bibulusに自分たちの身の処し方についての全ての判断を委ねた。この2人はAntony、Octavianと取り決めをし、AntonyがThasosに着いた時、そこに蓄えてあった豊富な食料や大量の軍需物資に加えて金と武器を渡すことで合意した。こうしてOctavianとAntony 危険を犯し、その大胆さと2団の歩兵隊の活躍によって成功を手に入れたが、かつてこのような前例、すなわち、これほど多くの強力なローマの軍隊が互いに戦うような例はなかった。

These soldiers were not enlisted from the ordinary conscription, but were picked men. They were not new levies, but under long drill and arrayed against each other, not against foreign or barbarous races. Speaking the same language and using the same tactics, being of like discipline and power of endurance, they were for these reasons what we may call mutually invincible. Nor was there ever such fury and daring in war as here, when citizens contended against citizens, families against families, and fellow-soldiers against each other. The proof ofº this is that, taking both battles into the account, the number of the slain even among the victors appeared to be not fewer than among the vanquished.

これらの兵士は通常の徴兵制によって徴兵されたのではなく選り抜きの兵士だった。彼らは新兵ではなく、長期間の軍事訓練を受け、外国人や蛮族に対してではなくお互い同士が対立するよう配置された。同じ言語を話同じ戦術を用い、似たような規律と耐久力を持っていたが、このような理由から、「互いに無敵」の兵と呼べるかもしれない。この戦いのように互いがこれほど激情に身を任せ、かつ大胆であったことはなく、市民が市民と争い、家族が家族と争い、兵士が仲間同士で戦った。その証拠に、戦争をいう状況を踏まえても、勝利した側の殺された兵士は敗北した側よりも少なくはなかったようだった。

As he was approaching,Lucilius presented himself,and said, "You have not captured Brutus." Brutus fled to the mountains with a considerable force,intending to return to his camp by night. But since all the roads were encompassed by guards.Antony passed the night under arms with his outposts over against Brutus, fortifying himself with a breastwork of dead bodies and spoils collected together. Octavius toiled til midnight and then retired on account of his illness, leaving Norbanus to watch the enemy's camp.Brutushaving fewer than four full legions, which had ascended the mountain with him, thought it best not to address himself to his troops, but to their officers, who were ashamed and repentant of their fault.

Antonyが近づいてきたためLuciliusが自己紹介してこう言った。「Brutusはまだ捕まってはおりません。」Brutusは夜のうちに自分の陣地に戻ろうとして大軍を率いて山に逃げていた。しかし全ての道は警備の兵士によって塞がれており、Antonyは遺体で作った胸壁と皆で集めた略奪品で自分の防備を固め、Brutusに対する前哨部隊の下で夜を過ごした。Octaviusは真夜中まで骨折って働いてから病のためにNorbanusを敵の陣地の見張りに残して退いた。Brutusの軍は定員に達した4レギオンよりも少なかったが、Brutusと共に山を登った。Brutusは軍隊にではなく自分たちの失敗を恥じ、後悔している士官らに言葉を掛けるのが最善だと考えた。

To them he sent to put them to the test and to learn whether they were willing to break through the enemy's lines and regain their own camp,which was still held by their troops who had been left there.These officers,though they had rushed to battle unadvisedly,had been of good courage for the most part,but now, for some divine infatuation was already upon them,gave to their general the undeserved answer that he should look out for himself, that they had tempted fortune many times, and that they would not throw away the last remaining hope of accommodation. Then Brutus said to his friends, "I am no longer useful to my country if such is the temper of these men," and calling Strato gave him the order to stab him.

そして彼らを試して　敵の前線を突破して、そこにまだ残されている自分たちの軍によって守られている自らの陣地に再びたどり着きたいかどうか知ろうとした。士官らは軽率に戦に突入してしまったが、大部分は勇敢だった。しかし、すでに何か神がかり的な心酔状態に陥っており、将軍に対し、Brutusは自分自身でそれをすべきだ、自分たちは何度も運命に立ち向かったのだから、和解の最後の望みを投げ出したくない、と不適当な答えを将軍に返した。するとBrutusは友人に向かって「自分の部下がこんなていたらくでは私はもはや国の役には立てない。」と言うや、Stratoと呼び、自分を一突きにするよう命じた。

So died Cassius and Brutus.Antony found the body of Brutus,wrapped it in the best purple garment,burned it, and sent the ashes to his mother,Servilia, Brutus's army, when it learned of his death, sent envoys to Octavian and Antony and obtained pardon,and was divided between their armies. It consisted of about 14,000 men. Besides these a large number who were in the forts surrendered. The forts themselves and the enemy's camp were given to the soldiers of Octavian and Antony to be plundered. Of the distinguished men in Brutus' camp some perished in the battles,others killed themselves as the two generals had done,others purposely continued fighting till death.Among these men of note were Lucius Cassius and Cato.

こうしてCassiusとBrutusは亡くなった。Antonyは最上の紫色の衣服に身を包んだBrutusの遺体を発見してこれを火葬し、その灰を母親のServiliaの下に送った。Brutusの軍は、Brutusの死を知るやOctavianとAntonyに特使を送り許しを得て、OctavianとAntonyの軍の中に振り分けられた。軍は14000名の兵士で構成されていた。この大勢の兵士らの他に砦にいた兵士も降伏した。砦と敵陣はOctavianとAntonyの兵士らに与えられ略奪された。Brutusの陣の優れた兵士らの中で、ある者は戦死し、2人の将軍のように、ある者は自害して果てた。またある者は覚悟を決めて死ぬまで戦った。なかでも注目すべきはLucius CassiusとCatoだった。

Finally, the soldiers of Octavian, either from fear of famine, or by the good fortune of Octavian himself (for certainly the soldiers of Brutus were not blameworthy), pushed back the enemy's line as though they were turning round a very heavy machine. The latter were driven back step by step, slowly at first and without loss of courage. Presently their ranks broke and they retreated more rapidly,and then the second and third ranks in the rear retreated with them, all mingled together in disorder, crowded by each other and by the enemy, who pressed upon them without ceasing until it became plainly a flight. The soldiers of Octavian seized the gates of the enemy's fortification at great risk to themselves because

最終的に、Octavianの兵士らは恐れと飢餓の両方の理由から、或いはOctavian自身の幸運によって（というのはBrutusの兵士らが非難に値していたわけではない）、非常に重い機械の方向を変えたかのように、敵の前線を押し戻した。Brutusの兵士らは勇気を失うことはなかったが、ゆっくりと最初の位置に押し戻された。まもなく彼らの隊列は乱れ、一層退却の速度が速まり、背後の第2、第3の戦列も皆、隊伍を乱して共に退却し、お互い同士や敵の中で絶えずもみくちゃになりながらついに明らかな逃走となった。Octavianの兵士らは、上からや正面から敵の飛び道具の脅威にさらされていたため大変な危険に晒されながら敵の要塞の門を奪取した。

they were exposed to missiles from above and in front,but they prevented a great many of the enemy from gaining entrance.These fled, some to the sea,and some through the river Zygactes to the mountains.The enemy having been routed,the generals divided the remainder of the work between themselves,Octavian to capture those who should break out of the camp and to watch the main camp,while Antony was everything,and attacked everywhere,falling upon the fugitives and those who still held together,and upon their other camping-places, crushing all alike with vehement impetuosity. Fearing lest the leaders should escape him and collect another army, he despatched cavalry upon the roads and outlets of the field of battle.

だがBrutus軍は敵の多くの兵士らが入り込むのを防いだ。ある者は海の方に、ある者はZygactes川を通って山の方に逃げた。敵が敗走したため、将軍らは仕事の残りを分配した。Octavianは陣地から脱走した兵士らを捕える仕事を引き受け、一方Antonyは全般の仕事とあらゆる所の攻撃、敗走した兵やいまだに団結している兵や他の陣地の攻撃、全ての軍事施設の破壊を性急に行なうことを引き受けた。指導者らが逃走して別の軍と合流することを恐れ、Antonyは騎馬隊を道路や戦場の出口に送った。

These divided their work; some of them hurried up the mountain with Rhascus, who was sent with them on account of his knowledge of the roads. They surrounded the fortified positions and escarpments, hunted down the fugitives, and kept watch upon those inside. Others pursued Brutus himself. Lucilius seeing them rushing on furiously surrendered himself, pretending to be Brutus, and asked them to take him to Antony instead of Octavian; for which reason chiefly he was believed to be Brutus trying to avoid his implacable enemy. When Antony heard that they were bringing him, he went to meet him, with a pause to reflect on the fortune, the dignity, and the virtue of the man, and thinking how he should receive Brutus.

仕事を分担した彼らのうち、ある者は、土地の道をよく知っていたために同行するために送られてきたRhascusと共に山へ急いだ。彼らは要塞化された場所を包囲し、逃走する兵士を捕まえ、内部から彼らを監視した。他の者はBrutus 自身を追った。Luciliusは彼らが猛烈に詰めかけて来て彼を取り囲むのを見て、Brutusになりすまし、Octavianの代わりにAntonyのところに連れていくよう頼んだ。主にそれが理由となり、皆彼が無慈悲な敵を避けようとしているBrutusだと信じた。Antonyは兵士らがBrutusを連れてきていると聞いて、この男の運、威厳、美徳について熟考する時間を少し取り、どのようにBrutusを受け入れるべきかと考えあぐねながら彼に会いに行った。