Yumie (3_yumie7) — Translations

except one six-banked ship,which was wrecked on the promontory. The south wind was succeeded by a south-wester, which threw the bay into commotion,as it opened toward the west. It was impossible to sail out of the bay with the wind still ahead, nor could the ships be held by oars or anchors. They crashed against each other or against the rocks, and by night confusion became worse confounded.When the tempest had subsided, Octavian buried the dead, cared for the wounded, clothed those who had swum ashore and furnished them with new weapons, and repaired his whole fleet with the means at his command. Six of his heavy ships, twenty-six lighter ones, and a still larger number of liburnian galleys had been destroyed.

1隻の6列座席の船だけは、岬で難破した。南風が南西の風に変わったことで、湾が西向きに開かれていたため、湾内は大騒ぎとなった。まだ待ち受けている風のために湾から外に出ることは不可能で、櫂や錨で船を保つことも出来なかった。船同士の衝突や岩への衝突が起こり、夜に入ると混乱は一層ひどくなった。嵐が少し静まると、Octavianは死者を埋葬して、怪我人を看病し、泳いで岸までたどり着いた者には服を着せてやり、新しい武器を持たせた。そして自分が抱えていた者達を使って全ての船を修理した。重量のある船が6隻、より軽量の船が26隻と多くの liburniaガレー船が破壊された。

He was likely to consume nearly thirty days in these parts; and now the end of summer was approaching, for which reason he deemed it best to postpone the war till the following summer, but as the people were suffering from scarcity he drew his ships upon the land and made his preparations rapidly, and sent the crews of the ships he had lost to fill the empty ones in the fleet of Taurus. He sent Maecenas to Rome on account of those who were still under the spell of the memory of Pompey the Great, for the fame of that man had not yet lost its influence over them. Octavian himself visited the new colonies throughout Italy and dispelled their fear, which had been excited by the recent events.

この作業に30日近くかかったようで、夏の終わりが近づいている今、次の夏まで戦争を延期するのが最良だと考えたが、国民が食糧難に苦しんでいたため、彼は船を陸に上げ、迅速に準備を整え、失った船の乗組員らをTaurusの艦隊の空いた船に乗せた。彼は、Pompey the Greatの人々に対する影響力がまだ失われていなかったため、その雄弁に魅せられている者達のためにMaecenasをローマに送った。Octavian自身はイタリア中の植民地を訪問して、最近の出来事によって募っていた不安を取り除いて回った。

The priests who perform the ceremony offer the sacrifice while standing at the water's edge,and carry the expiatory offerings in skiffs three times round the fleet,the generals sailing with them,beseeching the gods to turn the bad omens against the victims instead of the fleet.Then,dividing the entrails,they cast a part of them into the sea, and put the remainder on the altars and burn them, while the multitude chant in unison. In this way the Romans perform lustrations of the fleet.It was intended that Octavian should set sail from Puteoli, Lepidus from Africa, and Taurus from Tarentum, against Sicily, in order to surround the enemy at once, from the east, the west, and the south. The day of Octavian's sailing

儀式を行なう司祭らは海辺に立って捧げものをし、艦隊が囲む中、小さな平底船で3度償いの捧げものを運んだ。将軍らが捧げものと共に航行し、艦隊の代わりに犠牲者に対する悪い前兆を転換して頂けるよう神々に懇願した。そしてはらわたを分けて、その一部を海に投げ入れ、その残りを祭壇に供えて燃やし、一方兵士らは声をそろえて詠唱した。このようにローマ人は艦隊の祓い清めの儀式を行なった。敵を東から、西から、南から一斉に包囲するため、OctavianはPuteoliから、 Lepidusはアフリカから、TaurusはTarentumからSicilyから出航することになっていた。Octavianの出航の日は

had been previously communicated to all; it was the tenth day after the summer solstice. This, in the Roman calendar, was the calends of the month which, in honor of the first Caesar,they call July instead of Quintilis.Octavian fixed on this day,perhaps because he considered it propitious on account of his father, who was always victorious. Pompeius stationed Plenius at Lilybaeum with one legion and a considerable body of light-armed troops, to oppose Lepidus.He guarded the whole coast of Sicily, both east and west, and especially the islands of Lipara and Cossyra, lest they should become convenient harbors and naval stations, the one for Octavian the other for Lepidus against Sicily. The best part of his naval

あらかじめ全員に連絡してあった。それは夏至から10日目だった。ローマ暦では、この月はCaesarに敬意を表して Quintilisの代わりにJulyを呼ばれていた。Octavianはおそらく、父が常に勝利を収めていたことから、吉兆だと考えてこの日に決めたのだろう。PompeiusはLepidusを迎え撃つために１レギオンと非常に多くの軽装備の師団を連れてLilybaeumのPleniusに駐屯していた。彼はSicily海岸全体を東西共に警備し、特にLipara島、Cossyra島が、１つはOctavian、もう１つはLepidusにとってのSicily攻略の好都合な港や海軍基地にならないよう、厳重に警戒した。彼のもつ海軍のうち最強の部隊は、

force he kept together at Messana watching its chances.In this way they made their preparations on either side, and when the calends came they all set sail at daybreak, Lepidus from Africa with 1000 ships of burden, seventy war vessels, twelve legions of soldiers, 500 Numidian horse, and a great quantity of apparatus; Taurus from Tarentum with only 102 of the 130 ships that Antony had left, since the oarsmen of the remainder had perished during the winter. Octavian sailed from Puteoli, offering sacrifices and pouring out libations from the admiral's ship into the water to the propitious winds, and to Saviour Neptune, and to Waveless Ocean, that they should be his allies against his father's enemies.

チャンスを窺うために共に Messanaに残してあった。こうして両軍とも準備を整え、その日が来ると夜明けと共に出航した。 Lepidusはアフリカから1000隻の貨物船、70隻の軍艦、12レギオンの兵士、500頭のNumidian馬、大量の兵器を持って出航した。Taurusは冬の間、残っていた漕ぎ手が亡くなったため、TarentumからAntonyが残した130隻のうち102隻だけを率いて出港した。OctavianはPuteoliから出航し、提督の船から追い風に乗って海と、父の仇に対する自分の味方であるはずのSaviour Neptune、Waveless Oceanに捧げものをし、献酒した。

Octavian prevailed because he was going to make a visit to Octavia at Tarentum.He took a seat with Antony in the latter's chariot,and proceeded to his lodgings at Tarentum unprotected,and passed the night there without guards.On the following day Antony made the same exhibition of trust.Thus they were continually changing from suspicion born of rivalry to confidence due to their mutual needs.However,Octavian postponed his expedition against Pompeius till the following year.On account of the Parthian war Antony was not able to wait.Nevertheless,they made an exchange with each other,Antony giving to Octavian 12 ships,which he sent at once and delivered at Tarentum,in return for which Octavian promised to send him

OctavianはTarentumにOctaviaに会いに行くことになっていたためOctavianが最終的な勝者となった。彼はAntonyの馬車に彼と共に腰かけ、無防備でTarentumの彼の宿に向かって進み、そこで警備なしで一夜を過ごした。翌日Antonyは同様の信頼を示した。こうして彼らは継続して競争意識から生まれた疑念を互いの必要性から信頼に変えていった。だがOctavianは翌年までPompeiusと戦う遠征を延期した。Parthian戦争のためにAntonyは待つことができなかった。がそれにもかかわらず互いに交換をし、AntonyはOctavianに船12隻を贈り、ただちにTarentumに運ばれた、その返礼としてOctavianは彼に

20,000 Italian legionaries. Octavia, begging the p539favour from Antony, made her brother a present of ten three-banked phaseli — a combination of war-ship and merchant vessel — and Octavian gave her in return 1000 picked men as a body-guard, to be selected by Antony. As the term of the triumvirate voted to them was about expiring, they renewed it for five years without again asking the people. And so they separated, Antony proceeding straightway to Syria and leaving Octavia with her brother, and also a daughter already born to them.But Menodorus, — either because he was a turn-coat by nature, or because he feared the former threat of Antony, who had said that he would punish him as a rebellious slave,

イタリアの2万の軍団兵を彼の下に送ることを約束した。OctavianはAntonyから頼まれて、兄に3列の座席のあるファセリ（軍艦と商船を組み合わせたもの）10隻を贈呈させた。Octavianはその代わり彼女の護衛としてAntonyに選んでもらうために、1000名の選り抜きの兵士を彼女に送った。彼らに投票された決まった三頭政治の期限は切れようとしていたため、再び国民に問うことなく5年間延長した。こうして彼らは別れ、AntonyはOctaviaとその兄、それから彼らの間にすでに生まれていた娘を残して、Syriaに直接向かった。だが、Menodorusは元来考えが変わりやすくAntonyが以前彼を反逆奴隷として罰すると脅したことを恐れていたこともあり、

or because he had received less consideration than he had expected, or because the other freedmen of Pompeius were continually reproaching him for unfaithfulness to his master and urging him to return, — now that Menecrates was dead, asked forgiveness, and, having obtained it, deserted to Pompeius with seven ships, without the knowledge of Octavian's admiral, Calvisius. For this reason Octavian dismissed the latter from his command and appointed Agrippa in his place.When the fleet was ready, Octavian performed a lustration for it in the following manner. The altars are erected on the margin of the sea, and the multitude ranged around them in a circle of ships, observing the most profound silence.

また期待していたほどの配慮を受けず、Pompeiusの他の自由民が常に彼の主人に対する不誠実さを責め、彼に戻ってくるよう促していたこと等々が理由となり、 Menecratesが死んだ今、Pompeiusに許しを乞い、それが許可されるとOctavianの提督Calvisiusが知らない間にPompeiusのところへ船7隻と共に脱走した。そのためOctavianは彼の指揮権を解いて、代わりにAtrippaをその地位に据えた。艦隊の準備が整うと、Octavianは以下のようなやり方で身をはらい清めた。海の端に祭壇がつくられ、その周りに輪になった船の中で大勢の兵士らが深い静寂の中でそれを見守った。

But he was always clever at discovering what was for his advantage.He sent Maecenas to Antony to change the mind of the latter respecting the things about which they had lately had some bickering,and to bring him to an alliance.If Maecenas should not succeed,he intended to embark his infantry on merchant vessels, cross over to Sicily, abandon the sea, and wage war on land.While in this state of dejection the news reached him that Antony had agreed to the alliance,and he heard of a splendid victory over the Gauls, gained under the leadership of Agrippa.Certain cities also promised him ships, and built them.Accordingly,Octavian cast off his despondency,and made more formidable preparations than his previous ones.

だが彼は何が自分の利益になるのかを見つけるのが上手かった。彼はAntonyと最近議論したことについて彼の決心を変えさせ同盟を結ぶためにAntonyのところにMaecenasを送った。Maecenasがそれに成功しなければ商船に歩兵隊を乗せてSicilyに渡り、海を捨て陸上で開戦しようとしていた。そのような意気消沈した状態の中、Antonyが同盟に合意したとの知らせが彼の下に入り、Agrippaの指揮の下で得た Gauls地方における素晴らしい勝利の知らせを聞いた。いくつかの都市も彼に船と船の建造を約束した。その結果、Octavianは落胆を取り去り、それまでの戦いにもましてすばらしい準備をした。

At the beginning of spring, Antony set sail from Athens to Tarentum with 300 ships to assist Octavian as he had promised. But the latter had changed his mind and postponed his movement until his own ships should be finished. When called upon again and told that Antony's forces were ready and sufficient, he advanced other reasons for delay. It was evident that he was again offended with Antony about something, or that he disdained his assistance because his own resources were abundant. Antony was vexed, but he remained, nevertheless, and communicated with Octavian again, because the expense of his fleet was burdensome. Moreover, he needed Italian soldiers for his war against the Parthians, and he contemplated

春が始まる頃、 Antonyは約束したようにOctavianを支援するため、 AthensからTarentumまで300隻の船を率いて航行した。しかし後者は心変わりし、自分の船が出来上がるまで動きを延期した。再び要求され、Antonyの軍隊は準備が出来たと言われて、彼は遅延の他の理由を提示した。彼は何かでAntonyに気を悪くしているか、自分自身の資力が十分あるため、彼の支援を拒絶しているのが明らかだった。Antonyは気を悪くしたが、それにもかかわらず残り、自分の艦隊の出費が重くのしかかっていたため、再びOctavianと連絡を取った。さらに、彼はParthianとの戦争にイタリア兵が必要で、

exchanging his fleet for a part of Octavian's army;for, although it was provided in their treaty that each of them might recruit soldiers in Italy,it would be difficult for him to do so when Italy had fallen to the lot of Octavian. Accordingly,Octavia betook herself to her brother to act as mediator between them.Octavian complained that he had been abandoned by Antony when he was overtaken by danger in the straits;she replied that that had been explained through Maecenas.Octavian said that Antony had sent his freedman Callias to Lepidus in Africa to induce the latter to make an alliance against him;she replied that she knew that Callias had been sent to make arrangements about a marriage,because Antony desired,

Octavianの軍隊の一部と彼の艦隊を交換しようと考えていた。条約では、それぞれがイタリアで兵士を募集できるという条件になっていたが、イタリアがOctavianの区域になっていたため、Antonyにはそれが難しかった。そこでOctaviaは2人の間に割って入るため彼女自身で兄のところに行った。Octavianが海峡で危険な目に遭った時にAntonyに見捨てられたことに対して不満を述べると、彼女はAntonyはMaecenasを通して説明を受けていたのだと答えた。OctavianがAntonyが自分に対抗する同盟を組むためLepidusを説得すべく彼の自由民CalliasをアフリカのLepidusの元に送ったと述べると、彼女は Calliasが結婚の手筈を整えるために派遣されたことは知っていると答えた。それは、Antonyが

before setting out on his Parthian expedition, to marry his daughter to the son of Lepidus, as had been agreed. After Octavian had made this statement Antony sent Callias to Octavian with permission to put him to the question. Octavian would not receive him, but said that he would go and have an interview with Antony between Metapontum and Tarentum, at a place where there is the river whence the town is named between them.They both chanced to reach the river at the same time. Antony rowed toward Octavian, showing confidence in him as a friend. When Octavian saw this he followed the example. So they met in the stream and contended with each other which of them should disembark on the other's bank.

Parthianを倒す遠征に出発する前に合意した通りに娘とLepidusの息子を結婚させることを望んだからだと答えた。Octavianが自分の意見を述べた後、Antonyは彼に質問する許可を与えてCalliaをOctavianの下に送った。Octavianは彼を受け入れず、 MetapontumとTarentumの間の川がある場所でその川からその場の名前がつけられたところに行き、Antonyと面会すると述べた。2人ともたまたま同時にその場に到着した。AntonyはOctavianを友人をして信用しているところを見せてOctavianの方に船を漕いでいった。Octavianはその様子を見て自分もそれに倣った。そうして二人は流れの中で出会い、どちらが相手側の岸に下船するかで言い争った。

The disaster so far surpassed their experience that it bereft them of the hope of saving themselves even by chance.Finally,at the approach of daylight,the wind relaxed its force,and after sunrise wholly died away;yet even then,although the storm had ceased,the surges rolled a long time.The fury of the tempest surpassed the memory of the oldest inhabitants.It was altogether unexampled,and the greater part of Octavian's ships and men were destroyed by it.Octavian, who had lost heavily in the battle the previous day and had sustained two severe calamities together, took the road in haste to Vibo that same night, by way of the mountains, being unable to repair this disaster, for which there was no help at hand.

この天災は彼らの経験をはるかに超えていたため、たとえ偶然にでも救われるという望みが奪われた。夜が白々を明ける頃にはようやく風も収まり、日が昇ると完全に静まった。だが嵐がやんだ後も、しばらくの間波は大きくうねった。激しい嵐は最古の住民の記憶を凌いでいた。すべてにおいて先例がなく、Octavianの船と兵士の大部分は嵐によって壊滅した。前日の戦いで惨敗を喫し、２つの大きな災難に持ちこたえたOctavianは、この災難から立ち直ることができず、手近に援助を得られる術もなかったため、その夜山を通って急いでViboへと出発した。

He wrote to generals to be on the alert lest a plot should be formed against him here, as is liable to be the case when adversity comes. He despatched the infantry he had with him to all points on the coast, lest Pompeius should be emboldened by his good luck even to invade the mainland. But the latter had no thought of an expedition by land. He did not even attack the ships that were left from the wreck, nor those that went away after the storm had subsided. On the contrary, he paid no attention to the enemy while they were frapping their ships with ropes as well as they could, and sailing with a favorable wind to Vibo. He neglected them either because he thought that the disaster was all-sufficient for him,

彼は、逆境に陥った時には陰謀がたくまれる場合が多いため、彼に対する陰謀がたくまれないよう警戒するよう将軍達に手紙を書いた。彼はPompeiusが幸運の余勢を駆って本土を侵略しないよう、自分と共にいた歩兵らを海岸沿いのあらゆる地点に派遣した。だがPompeiusは陸路で遠征する考えは毛頭なかった。彼は難破して残された船や嵐が弱まった後で去った船を攻撃しようとさえしなかった。それどころか、自分たちの船を出来るだけしっかりと縄でしばりつけてViboへの順風に乗って航海する間、敵に対する注意など向けていなかった。彼は、Octavian軍を顧みなかった。それは彼にとってこの災難で全く十分だと考えたからでもあり、

or because he did not know how to follow up a victory, or, as I have said elsewhere, because he was altogether inefficient in attack and determined only to defend himself against assailants.Less than half of Octavian's ships were saved, and these badly damaged. He left certain officers in charge of them and proceeded to Campania much cast down, for he had no other ships and he needed many; nor did he have time to build them, pressed as he was by famine and by the people, who were again harassing him about a new treaty and mocking at the war as being in violation of the old one. He needed money, but had none. The Romans were not paying the taxes, nor would they allow the use of the revenues that he had devised.

どのように勝利を継続していくかもわからかったからでもあり、また以前私が述べたように、彼はつまるところ攻撃力に劣り、攻撃者から身を守ることしか決められなかったからだ。Octavianの半分以下の船が救出されたが、ひどく損傷していた。彼は何人かの士官に船の処理を任せ、他の船もなく、多くの船が必要だったため、ひどく落胆してCampaniaに進んだ。彼は飢饉と国民に急かされていたため、船を建造する時間もなかった。そしてその国民は旧条約に違反したことでこの戦争を嘲り、新条約を結ぶよう再び彼を急かしていた。彼には金が必要だったが、金はなかった。ローマ人は税金を払わず、彼が捻出した歳入を使うことも許さなかった。

he had recourse to hard rowing to avoid being driven ashore,but most of them,thinking that the wind would soon subside,as it usually does in the springtime,moored themselves with anchors at either end, landward and seaward, pushing each other off with poles.As the wind grew more violent everything was thrown into confusion.The ships collided, broke their anchors, and were thrown quivering on the shore or against one another.Cries of alarm and groans of pain were mingled together,and exhortations that fell upon deaf ears.Orders could not be heard,and there was no distinction between pilot and common sailor, knowledge and authority being alike unavailing.The same destruction awaited those in the ships and those

彼は浜に流されるのを避けるために激しい漕ぎを当てにしたが、大部分の者は、通常春の風はそうであるように、すぐに風が弱まると考え、陸側、海側の両側の錨に体をつないで停泊させ、互いに竿で押し合った。風はますます激しくなり全てが混乱に陥った。船は衝突し、碇は壊れ、船体は揺れて浜に投げ出され、互いがぶつかり合った。警告する叫び声と痛みによるうなり声が共に混じり合い、励ましの言葉に耳を傾ける者もなかった。命令は聞こえず、操縦士と水兵の区別さえなく、知識も権威も役に立たなかった。船内のいる者にも、船外に放り出された者にも同じ破滅が待っていた。

who fell overboard, the latter being crushed by wind.The sea was full of sails, and men, living and dead.Those who sought to escape by swimming to land were dashed against the rocks by the surf.When the convulsion seized the water,as is usual in that strait, they were terrified, being unaccustomed to it,and then their vessels were whirled around and dashed against each other worse than ever.As night came on the wind increased in fury, so that they perished no longer in the light but in the darkness.Groans were heard throughout the entire night,and the cries of men running along the shore and calling their friends and relatives upon the sea by name,and mourning for them as lost when they could hear no responses;

船内にいる者は風で押しつぶされた。海には帆が散らばり、生きている兵士や亡くなった兵士が至る所に浮いていた。泳いで陸に上がろうとするものは波によって岩に激しくぶつかった。その海峡では通常そうであるように、激変が海をとらえ、それに慣れていない者達は恐れをなし、船はぐるぐる旋回してそれまで以上に激しく互いに衝突した。夜になると風が激しく吹き荒れたため、兵士らはもはや日の当たる所ではなく暗闇の中で亡くなった。夜どおしうめき声が聞こえ、兵士らの叫び声が浜に響いた。彼らは海上で友人や親せきの名を口にし、返事がないと亡くなったものとしてその死を悼んだ。

and anon the cries of others lifting their heads above the waves and beseeching aid from those on shore.Not only was the sea inexorable to those engulfed in it, as well as to those still in the ships, but the danger was almost as great on land as at sea, lest the surf should dash them against the rocks. So distressed were they by this unexampled tempest that those who were nearest the land feared the land, yet could not get sufficient offing to avoid collision with each other, for the narrowness of the place and its naturally difficult outlet, together with the whirlpool of the deep, holding everything in its grasp, allowed neither tarrying nor escape.And so they perished, no longer even seeing each other.

他の者の叫び声が聞こえるとすぐに頭を波の上に持ち上げて浜にいる者の救助を懇願した。波に呑み込まれた者や船内にいた者にとって危険なのは情け容赦ない海ばかりでなく、波が彼らを岩にぶつける可能性があったため、陸も海同様危険だった。この先例のない嵐による兵士らの疲労困憊ぶりは大変なもので、陸にもっとも近い者は陸を恐れ、場所の狭さと元々扱いが難しい河のせいで、互いにぶつかるのを避けるため沖の方に十分距離を取ることも出来なかった。海は海淵の渦と共にあらゆるものをその手中に捕えながら、彼らがそこにとどまることも逃げることも許さなかった。こうして彼らは亡くなり、もはや互いを見ることさえ出来なかった。

While he was undergoing these hardships it was not known that Calvisius had arrived, nor could anything needful be obtained from the ships busied as they were with their wrecks. But good luck came to them from another quarter. The thirteenth legion was approaching by way of the mountains, and, learning of the disaster and judging of their route by the fire, they made their way through the crags. They found their commander, and those who had taken refuge with him, suffering from fatigue and want of food, and ministered to them, dividing the work, some caring for some, others for others. The centurions brought their commander into an improvised tent, as none of his body-servants were present, these having been

彼はこのような困難に耐えていた間、Calvisiusが到着したことも難破したために塞がった船から必要なものを得ることが出来ないことも分かっていなかった。しかし別の営舎から幸運が舞い込んできた。第１３レギオンが山を経由して近づいてきており、この災難を知り、焚火からルートを判断して険しい岩山を前進したのだった。彼らは疲労と食糧不足に苛まれた自分たちの指揮官と共に逃れてきた者達を見つけ作業を分担し、それぞれの世話をした。指揮官の身の周りの世話をする従者は皆暗闇と混乱の中で散り散りになっていたため、百人隊長は指揮官を急ごしらえのテントに連れてきた。

dispersed in the darkness and disorder.He sent messengers in all directions forthwith, to announce that he was safe,and he learned that Calvisius had arrived with the vanguard of his fleet; and,in view of these two helpful and unexpected events, he allowed himself some rest.The next morning,when Octavian looked out upon the water, he beheld some of his ships burned, others partly burned, others still burning, and others broken in pieces; and the sea filled with sails, rudders, and tackle, while, of the ships that were saved,the greater part were damaged. Having ranged the fleet of Calvisius in front, he made repairs on those of his vessels that most needed them, canting them, the enemy meantime remaining quiet,

彼は自分が無事であることを知らせるためにすぐさまあらゆる方向に使者を送り、Calvisiusが艦隊の先頭に立ってやってきたことを知った。このような２つの助けになる予期せぬ出来事を考慮して、思い切っていくらか休息を取った。翌朝、Octavianが海を眺めると、自分の船の数隻が焼けており、他の一部も焼かれ、また他の一部はまだ燃えており、別の船はバラバラに壊されて帆や舵や索具装置が海のあちらこちらに浮かんでおり、ほとんどの船がダメージを受けているのを見た。先頭のCalvisiusの艦船を捜して、船を傾けて最も必要な船の修理をしていた間、敵は静寂を守っていた。