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[Translation from English to Native Japanese ] Amazing Facts About Infant Development Babies have all their brain cells, ...
Original Texts
Amazing Facts About Infant Development
Babies have all their brain cells, or neurons (some 100 billion), by just six months in the womb. However, these cells remain poorly connected until months after birth.
At birth, babies' brains have very little white matter or myelin, the fatty substance that dramatically speeds up information processing. As myelin is gradually added to their brains, babies' perception increases and they move more quickly and efficiently.
Newborn babies are more alert for the first two hours after birth than they will be for the next week or two. This is due to stress hormones released during delivery, which arouse babies, dilate their pupils and promote bonding with their new parents
Young infants recognize their parents and other familiar caregivers by smell. In fact, their sense of smell is much sharper than the senses of vision and hearing in the first few months of life.
Babies begin learning the difference between languages even before they're born. They don't understand the words, but can recognize the distinct musical tones of different languages.
Babies can recognize familiar songs or stories that they were repeatedly exposed to before birth.
Touch sensitivity develops in a head-to-toe sequence in babies. For example, young infants detect different textures more acutely with their lips than with their fingertips.
Babies sense motion and gravity using the inner ear, or vestibular system. This is one of the earliest senses to develop and is responsible for many newborn reflexes, such as the Moro response. Also known as the startle response, this reflex action is characterized by the flailing open of a baby's arms if he or she has a sudden sensation of falling.
Pediatricians test the vestibular system by turning a baby's head from side to side and looking for eye movements in the opposite direction: when the head turns right, a baby's eyes will move left, so that they stay focused on what's in front of them. This is called the doll's eye reflex because it is similar to the movement of the weighted eyes in dolls.
3-D vision emerges quite suddenly in infants between about three and four months of age, and earlier in girls than in boys.
Baby's sense of hearing begins before birth. By birth, a newborn has been listening to mother's voice for at least three months and can distinguish it from other women's voices.
Newborn babies can see, but not very clearly. Their vision is 20/600 and they cannot see well directly in front of their faces. A newborn can actually see better out of the corner of his or her eye.
Their sense of taste is well developed at birth, however, the ability to detect saltiness does not emerge until about four months.
Read more from Lise Elliot, PhD, Author, What's Going On in There?
Babies have all their brain cells, or neurons (some 100 billion), by just six months in the womb. However, these cells remain poorly connected until months after birth.
At birth, babies' brains have very little white matter or myelin, the fatty substance that dramatically speeds up information processing. As myelin is gradually added to their brains, babies' perception increases and they move more quickly and efficiently.
Newborn babies are more alert for the first two hours after birth than they will be for the next week or two. This is due to stress hormones released during delivery, which arouse babies, dilate their pupils and promote bonding with their new parents
Young infants recognize their parents and other familiar caregivers by smell. In fact, their sense of smell is much sharper than the senses of vision and hearing in the first few months of life.
Babies begin learning the difference between languages even before they're born. They don't understand the words, but can recognize the distinct musical tones of different languages.
Babies can recognize familiar songs or stories that they were repeatedly exposed to before birth.
Touch sensitivity develops in a head-to-toe sequence in babies. For example, young infants detect different textures more acutely with their lips than with their fingertips.
Babies sense motion and gravity using the inner ear, or vestibular system. This is one of the earliest senses to develop and is responsible for many newborn reflexes, such as the Moro response. Also known as the startle response, this reflex action is characterized by the flailing open of a baby's arms if he or she has a sudden sensation of falling.
Pediatricians test the vestibular system by turning a baby's head from side to side and looking for eye movements in the opposite direction: when the head turns right, a baby's eyes will move left, so that they stay focused on what's in front of them. This is called the doll's eye reflex because it is similar to the movement of the weighted eyes in dolls.
3-D vision emerges quite suddenly in infants between about three and four months of age, and earlier in girls than in boys.
Baby's sense of hearing begins before birth. By birth, a newborn has been listening to mother's voice for at least three months and can distinguish it from other women's voices.
Newborn babies can see, but not very clearly. Their vision is 20/600 and they cannot see well directly in front of their faces. A newborn can actually see better out of the corner of his or her eye.
Their sense of taste is well developed at birth, however, the ability to detect saltiness does not emerge until about four months.
Read more from Lise Elliot, PhD, Author, What's Going On in There?
乳幼児の発達に関する驚くべき事実
赤ん坊は、子宮の中で六ヶ月になるまでに、全ての脳細胞、あるいはニューロン(数兆個)を持つことになります。しかし、これらの細胞は産まれてから数ヶ月経つまでは、あまり繋がっていません。
産まれるときには、情報伝達を劇的に高速化する脂肪質の物質である、白質あるいはミエリンは赤ん坊の脳のあまり存在しません。ミエリンが赤ん坊の脳の中に徐々に増えて行くと、赤ん坊の知覚は強化され、より速く、効果的に動くことができるようになります。
新生児は、その後の数週間に比べて、産まれて最初の2時間が、より用心深いです。これは出産時に放出されるストレスホルモンが、赤ん坊を興奮させ、瞳孔を拡大させ、新しい親との間の絆を作るせいです。
赤ん坊は、子宮の中で六ヶ月になるまでに、全ての脳細胞、あるいはニューロン(数兆個)を持つことになります。しかし、これらの細胞は産まれてから数ヶ月経つまでは、あまり繋がっていません。
産まれるときには、情報伝達を劇的に高速化する脂肪質の物質である、白質あるいはミエリンは赤ん坊の脳のあまり存在しません。ミエリンが赤ん坊の脳の中に徐々に増えて行くと、赤ん坊の知覚は強化され、より速く、効果的に動くことができるようになります。
新生児は、その後の数週間に比べて、産まれて最初の2時間が、より用心深いです。これは出産時に放出されるストレスホルモンが、赤ん坊を興奮させ、瞳孔を拡大させ、新しい親との間の絆を作るせいです。
乳幼児は、親と他の世話をしてくれる人を、匂いで見分けています。実際のところ、人生の最初の数ヶ月の間、彼ら赤ん坊の匂いの知覚は、視覚や聴覚よりもよっぽど鋭いのです。
赤ん坊は、産まれる前から、言語の違いを学習し始めます。単語を理解する訳ではありませんが、違う言語の異なる音程を認識することができます。
赤ん坊は、産まれる前に何度も聞いていた歌や物語を、見覚えあるものとして認識することができます。
触覚の鋭さは、赤ん坊の中で、完全な順序で発達します。例えば、未熟な乳幼児は、異なるテクスチャを指先よりもその唇で、より正確に検知します。
赤ん坊は、産まれる前から、言語の違いを学習し始めます。単語を理解する訳ではありませんが、違う言語の異なる音程を認識することができます。
赤ん坊は、産まれる前に何度も聞いていた歌や物語を、見覚えあるものとして認識することができます。
触覚の鋭さは、赤ん坊の中で、完全な順序で発達します。例えば、未熟な乳幼児は、異なるテクスチャを指先よりもその唇で、より正確に検知します。
赤ん坊は、動きや重力を、内耳や前庭器官をつかって感じることができます。これは、最も初期に発達する感覚の一つであり、モロー反応のような、多くの新生児の反射を説明できます。驚愕反応としても知られているこの反射行動は、赤ん坊が突然落ちていく感覚を感じた時に、腕を広げて振り回す行動として特徴づけられます。
小児科医は、赤ん坊の頭を左右に回転させ、目が反対方向に動くかで、前庭器官を調べます。つまり、頭を右に回転したときに、赤ん坊の目が左に動けば、赤ん坊は目の前にあるものに焦点を当てたままでいられます。これは人形の目の反射と呼ばれます。なぜなら、人形の重り入りの目の動きに似ているからです。
小児科医は、赤ん坊の頭を左右に回転させ、目が反対方向に動くかで、前庭器官を調べます。つまり、頭を右に回転したときに、赤ん坊の目が左に動けば、赤ん坊は目の前にあるものに焦点を当てたままでいられます。これは人形の目の反射と呼ばれます。なぜなら、人形の重り入りの目の動きに似ているからです。
乳幼児の３次元の視覚は、月齢が３ヶ月か４ヶ月の頃に突然現われます。男の子より女の子の方が早いです。
赤ん坊の聴覚は産まれる前から始まっています。出産までに少なくとも三ヶ月間は新生児はお腹の中でお母さんの声を聞いてきており、それゆえ他の女性の声から区別することができます。
新生児は見ることもできますが、それほど明瞭ではありません。彼らの視覚は20/600で、彼らの目の前にまっすぐあるものをを良く見ることができません。新生児はその目の端にあるものの方が良く見ることができます。
赤ん坊の味覚は産まれたときには大分発達しています。しかし、塩辛さを検知する能力は4ヶ月まで現れません。
「What's Going On in There」の著者のLise Elliot博士のところでもっと読む
赤ん坊の聴覚は産まれる前から始まっています。出産までに少なくとも三ヶ月間は新生児はお腹の中でお母さんの声を聞いてきており、それゆえ他の女性の声から区別することができます。
新生児は見ることもできますが、それほど明瞭ではありません。彼らの視覚は20/600で、彼らの目の前にまっすぐあるものをを良く見ることができません。新生児はその目の端にあるものの方が良く見ることができます。
赤ん坊の味覚は産まれたときには大分発達しています。しかし、塩辛さを検知する能力は4ヶ月まで現れません。
「What's Going On in There」の著者のLise Elliot博士のところでもっと読む
Result of Translation in Conyac
- Number of Characters of Requests:
- 2789letters
- Translation Language
- English → Japanese
- Translation Fee
- $62.76
- Translation Time
- about 1 hour
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henno
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