[Translation from English to Japanese ] What is radiation therapy? Radiation therapy uses high-energy radiation to ...

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What is radiation therapy?


Radiation therapy uses high-energy radiation to shrink tumors and kill cancer cells (1). X-rays, gamma rays, and charged particles are types of radiation used for cancer treatment.

The radiation may be delivered by a machine outside the body (external-beam radiation therapy), or it may come from radioactive material placed in the body near cancer cells (internal radiation therapy, also called brachytherapy).

Systemic radiation therapy uses radioactive substances, such as radioactive iodine, that travel in the blood to kill cancer cells.

About half of all cancer patients receive some type of radiation therapy sometime during the course of their treatment.

放射線療法とは何か?


放射線療法は腫瘍を収縮させ、癌細胞(1)を殺すために高エネルギー放射線を使います。エックス線、ガンマ線、そして荷電粒子といった種類の放射線が癌治療に用いられます。

放射線は体の外の機械により照射される(体外照射療法)こともあれば、体内の癌細胞の近くに設置した放射性物質により照射される(内部放射線療法、または近接照射療法と呼ばれる)こともあります。

全身放射線療法は放射性ヨウ素のような放射性物質を使い、血液中を巡らせることにより癌細胞を殺します。

約半数の癌患者が治療の過程において放射線療法を受けます。

How does radiation therapy kill cancer cells?


Radiation therapy kills cancer cells by damaging their DNA (the molecules inside cells that carry genetic information and pass it from one generation to the next) (1). Radiation therapy can either damage DNA directly or create charged particles (free radicals) within the cells that can in turn damage the DNA.

Cancer cells whose DNA is damaged beyond repair stop dividing or die. When the damaged cells die, they are broken down and eliminated by the body’s natural processes.

放射線治療によって癌細胞はどのように死滅するのか?


放射線療法は、癌細胞のDNA(細胞の内部にある、遺伝情報を持ちそれを次の世代に送る分子)を損傷することによって癌細胞を死滅させるを彼(1)放射線治療は、直接DNAを損傷させるか、または細胞の中に荷電粒子(遊離基)を作り出し、それによってDNAを損傷させる。

DNAが修復不可能なまでに損傷した癌細胞は分裂をストップするか、死滅してしまう。損傷した細胞が死滅すると、人体の自然なプロセスによって分解され、除去される。

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