Fifth, studies juxtaposing age groups have focused primarily on differences in SWB between samples of young and old respondents, whereas the SWB of middle-aged adults has been somewhat neglected. Yet this age group faces its own specific challenges. At middle age, people often begin to experience health problems, have mortgages to pay, children to educate, and elderly parents to take care of. Research examining the SWB of middle-aged adults, and the relevant facets of SWB at this stage of life, is therefore warranted.
Psychometrically speaking, the top-down models belongs to the broader class of effect indicator measurement models(Bollen and Lennox 1991), as global SWB(indirectly) exerts and effect on the indica
精神測定学的に言えば、このトップダウン・モデルは、影響指標測定モデル(ボーレンとレノックス、1991)のより幅広いクラスに属し、広範囲のSWB(間接的に)が働き、その指標の影響
心理測定法的見地から言うと、トップダウンモデルは主観的ウェルビーイングの広範囲な影響(間接的)やインディカ米の持つ予防効果等の様な広範囲な部類の効果指標測定モデル(妥当性概念の展開、BollenとLennox研究、1991年)に属する。