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Different research have progressed rapidly by augmenting spaces and objects with sensing, computation, and communication capabilities. These capabilities in different spaces and objects converge on the boundary between physical and digital worlds.
When bringing ubiquitous computing to smart spaces, architectural design can be considered as interaction interfaces between humans and computation. Viewing architecture as human-computer interfaces introduces a new set of problems, since interaction interfaces must be constantly present in the real world and support continuous interac- tions in everyday life. Several research issues for integrating physical-digital interaction interfaces in smart spaces have emerged. Human-computer interaction is moving from command-based devices to support natural interaction using gestures, handwriting and speech. The move toward natural interaction poses multiple novel technical, design, and social challenges. For example, stepping on the floor of a room is sufficient to detect a person’s presence there. Therefore, a new interaction model with user input/output is needed to support several distinct features of implicit human interaction, as follows: Implicit user input cannot be easily defined in terms of a finite set of modes. The user input has no clear boundary. Implicit human input may be nested and long-lasting. Multi-modal user interactions may operate concurrently. Using sensors for implicit input-output interactions has potential to alter the nature of our built environments.
Smart space is uniquely human-centered design. In smart space, ubiquitous media are designed to reduce the cognitive load of human users. Paradoxically, ubiquitous media might turn around and place a considerable demand on humans because they have become part of the physical environment to which people strive to adapt. Even with the most human-centered methodology, ubiquitous media might not be a natural part of the human system. Therefore, researchers need to study how ubiquitous media affect human cognition, and how humans adapt to technological and environmental changes.