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[Translation from English to Japanese ] Moreover, corporate cash-flow tax systems do not implement full neutrality b...

This requests contains 1761 characters . It has been translated 6 times by the following translators : ( junnyt , akabane , zhizi ) .

Requested by section9 at 05 Jun 2010 at 03:20 3716 views
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Moreover, corporate cash-flow tax systems do not implement full
neutrality between debt and equity and between newly issued equity and retained
earnings if capital gains at the personal level are taxed upon realisation instead of upon
accrual. Full neutrality will only be achieved if savings are not taxed at the personal level or
if savings receive consumption tax treatment at the personal level as well (but even then,
capital gains would have to be taxed upon accrual).

さらに、個人レベルのキャピタルゲインが発生時ではなく、現金化された時点で課税されるのであれば、法人キャッシュフロー税制は債務と資本、そして新規発行された資本と留保されている収益の間に完全な中立性を帯びて実施されることはない。個人レベルの貯蓄が非課税となるか、もしくは個人レベルでは貯蓄に対し消費税処置がとられれば(そうなってもキャピタルゲインは発生時に課税されなければならないであろう)、完全な中立性は実現されるであろう。

Otherwise, equity will be tax-preferred
to debt as source of finance.
Countries might implement either a destination-based or an origin-based corporate
cash-flow tax. A destination-based corporate cash-flow tax provides reduced incentives to
corporations to locate in low-tax jurisdictions and it avoids transfer pricing problems.

However, it does not tax the normal return and the economic rents on domestic or foreignowned
domestic capital consumed abroad. Yet, the taxation of income flowing abroad was
one of the important objectives of a corporate tax. A destination-based corporate cash-flow
tax might imply a reduction in tax revenues for exporting countries.

しかし、法人キャッシュフロー税制では、通常収益及び海外で消費される国内もしくは外資所有の国内資本に対する経済地代には課税されない。しかし、海外へ流出する所得に対する課税については、法人税の重要な目的の一つである。仕向地ベースの法人キャッシュフロー税制では輸出国家の税歳入の減少に繋がるかもしれない。

Net importing
countries, on the other hand, might gain. However, countries that create a lot of economic
rents by exporting goods, and if these economic rents are consumed at home, might raise
a lot of tax revenue.
Moreover, destination-based taxation requires border controls to check
whether goods actually have been exported and to ensure that imported goods are taxed.

一方、純輸入国は税歳入が増えるかもしれない。しかし、商品の輸出によって多くの経済地代を得る国も、もしこの経済地代が国内で消費されれば、税歳入は大幅に増えるかもしれない。さらに、仕向地ベースの税制には、商品が実際に輸出されたかどうか、そして輸入商品がきちんと課税されたかどうかを取り締まる必要がある。

However, transfer pricing problems
will be present and a source-based corporate cash-flow tax will be sensitive to tax
competition, as corporations face a tax-induced incentive to produce in jurisdictions
where they face the lowest tax rate.

しかし、 企業は 税率が最も低い管轄区で生産するのに税制によって生じる報酬を得るため、振替価格の設定問題が生じ、原産地ベースの法人キャッシュフロー税制は課税競争の影響を受けやすくなる。

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