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[Translation from English to Japanese ] Dr. Gyanprakash A. Ketwaroo (Medicine): A 77-year-old man with a history of i...

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Dr. Gyanprakash A. Ketwaroo (Medicine): A 77-year-old man with a history of ischemic
cardiomyopathy was admitted to this hospital in midspring because of increasing
dyspnea, weakness, and diaphoresis.
The patient had been in his usual state of health until 3 days before admission,
when weakness, loss of appetite, fatigue, and diarrhea developed, followed by
progressive shortness of breath. On the morning of admission, he awoke with dyspnea,
which was worse when he was lying flat; he was unable to catch his breath
or get out of bed. He was diaphoretic and felt nauseated and weak, with no chest
pain, fever, or cough.
The temperature was reportedly 37.8°C.

Gyanprakash A. Ketwaroo博士(内科学):虚血性心筋症歴のある77歳男性が、呼吸困難、衰弱、発汗の増大のため、今春中頃にこの病院に収容された。
当該患者は収容三日前までは健康状態に問題はなかったが、衰弱、食欲減退、疲労、下痢を発症し、続いて進行性息切れに見舞われた。収容の朝、患者は呼吸困難とともに目覚め(寝そべると悪化した)、正常に呼吸することができず、ベッドから出ることもできなかった。彼は発汗し、吐き気と脱力感を覚えたが、胸に痛みはなく、発熱および咳も出なかった。
体温は37.8度と報告があった。

His wife administered
acetaminophen and called emergency medical services personnel. On their arrival, the
patient’s skin was cool and pale, he spoke in sentences of three or four words, and
he used accessory respiratory muscles. The blood pressure was 160/90 mm Hg, the
pulse 96 beats per minute, the respiratory rate 40 breaths per minute, and the oxygen
saturation 90 to 91% while he was breathing ambient air. Basilar rales extended
a third to half of the way up both lung fields, and the abdomen was distended.
Oxygen (5 liters per minute) was administered by a nonrebreather mask, and
oxygen saturation increased to 99%. He was taken to another hospital.

患者の妻がアセトアミノフェンを投与し、緊急医療サービス職員へ連絡した。到着時、患者の肌は冷えて青白く、3、4語程度の長さの文章を話し、副呼吸筋を使った。血圧は160/90mm Hgで、脈拍は毎分96回、呼吸は毎分40回、外気呼吸時の酸素飽和度は90から91%だった。基底ラ音は両肺野の3分の1から半分まで拡大し、下腹部は膨張した。
酸素(毎分5リットル)は非再呼吸式マスクにて投与され、酸素飽和度は99%に増大した。患者は他の病院へ移送された。

On examination, the temperature was 37.2°C, the blood pressure 152/79 mm Hg,
the pulse 93 beats per minute , the respiratory rate 24 to 30
breaths per minute, and the oxygen saturation 100% while the patient was breathing
supplemental oxygen through a nonrebreather mask. There were coarse rales
bilaterally, the skin was cool and diaphoretic, and respiratory support with bilevel
continuous positive airway pressure was added transiently on arrival, with symptomatic
improvement. Electrocardiography revealed atrial fibrillation with intermittent
pacing and bifascicular block, with ST-segment depression, T-wave inversion,
and Q waves in leads V1 and V2, which were reportedly unchanged from
5 months before.

診察した結果、体温は37.2度、血圧は152/79mm Hg、脈拍は毎分93回、呼吸は毎分24から30回、非再呼吸式マスクによる酸素補給を受けている際の酸素飽和度は100%だった。大水泡音が両方にあり、皮膚は冷たく発汗を伴い、到着時、一時的に二相式接続的気道陽圧法の呼吸補助が行われ、症状の改善がみられた。心電図検査により、断続的に起きる心房細動と、ST低下、T波逆転、V1、V2誘導のQ波で二束ブロックがあるのが明らかになった。これらは5カ月前より変化がないとの報告があった。

A chest radiograph reportedly revealed mild pulmonary edema
and moderate cardiomegaly. The serum levels of total bilirubin, creatine kinase
MB isoenzymes, and troponin I were normal; other laboratory-test results are
shown in A
. Nitroglycerin and furosemide were administered intravenously,
and acetaminophen was given, as well as the patient’s usual doses of digoxin,
ezetimibe, levothyroxine, lisinopril, sotalol, and
acetylsalicylic acid. The systolic blood pressure
decreased to below 100 mm Hg; the intravenous
nitroglycerin was stopped, and sublingual and
cutaneous nitrate preparations were administered
thereafter. Approximately 6 hours after
arrival, the patient was transferred by ambulance
to this hospital.

胸部X線写真を見る限りでは、軽い症状の肺水腫と中等症の心臓肥大が見られた。総ビリルビン、クレアチンキナーゼMBアイソザイム、トロポニンIの血清値は通常値であった:その他の臨床検査の結果は、Aにて表示されている。
患者が通常服用するジゴキシン、エゼチミブ、レボチロキシン、リジノプリル、ソタロール、アセチルサリチル酸(アスピリン)の他に、ニトログリセリンとフロセミドが静脈内に投与され、アセトアミノフェンが与えられた。最高血圧は100mmHg以下に下がった;静脈内へのニトログリセリン投与は停止され、その後は舌下と皮膚への硝酸塩調合剤が投与された。到着から約6時間後、患者は救急車でこの病院へと搬送された。

The patient had ischemic cardiomyopathy,
which was associated with an anteroseptal myocardial
infarction 30 years earlier. He had
arrhythmias, including atrial flutter and ventricular
tachycardia, for which an implantable
cardioverter–defibrillator had been placed.
Nine months before admission, atrial fibrillation
had developed and an ablation procedure
was performed; sinus rhythm had predominated
since then. The patient also had hypothyroidism,
hyperlipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertension,
and he had had a transient ischemic
attack, a stroke while he
was receiving therapeutic anticoagulation, a diverticular
bleed 2 months before admission, and
an appendectomy 3 months before admission.


Infectious Diarrhea
Elderly patients account for the majority of diarrheal
deaths in some series, especially if Clostridium
difficile is the pathogen.7,8 I would consider
the classic pathogenic Enterobacteriaceae (Escherichia
coli, campylobacter, shigella, salmonella,
yersinia), Listeria monocytogenes, and less likely,
C. difficile in the differential diagnosis. The absence
of an antecedent history of questionable food exposure
or any friends or family members who are
similarly ill, however, dampens the enthusiasm
for an Enterobacteriaceae infection. The elderly
are at increased risk for invasive listeria infections,
although the classic presentation includes
vomiting, which this patient does not have;

感染性の下痢
病原体への感染から、特にクロストリジウム-ディフィシレ菌が病原体の場合に発生する下痢による死亡者の大半は、高齢の患者である。7,8 私は、識別診断から、認識されている病原体である腸内細菌 (大腸菌、 カンピロバクター、赤痢菌, サルモネラ、エルシニア)、リステリア、また、可能性は少ないが、クロストリジウム・ディフィシルではないかと推察する。原因となりえる食物を摂取したか、家族や友人が同様な症状を持っているかどうかなどの質問がなされない場合、積極的大腸菌を病原体とした感染と推測されない場合が多い。
高齢者は、侵襲性のリステリア感染症に感染するハイリスクグループである。頻繁に見られる症状に含まれるのは、嘔吐(ただし患者が次を持たない:

This patient lived in a wooded area of the Northeast
and presented in midspring, so we should
pay particular attention to human infections that
result from tick exposure. This patient could be
at risk for Lyme disease; however, there is no history
of the early localized skin manifestations of
Lyme disease, and a disseminated infection leading
to myocarditis without concomitant neurologic
findings would be rare. Diarrhea raises the
possibility of typhoidal tularemia, but this patient
does not have the cholestasis, jaundice, or
pulmonary involvement that can be seen in severe
cases.Rocky Mountain spotted fever can
present with elevated aminotransferase levels,
thrombocytopenia, and infrequently azotemia, but

患者は北西部の森林地帯に住んでおり、春のさなかに来院した。そのため私達は、特にダニとの接触による感染症を顧慮した。この患者はライム病に感染している可能性がある;しかし過去にライム病に感染したと言う皮膚兆候が見られず、感染症は心筋炎を引き起こしている。付随する神経障害が見つけられることなく拡散する感染症は、非常にまれである。下痢の症状は、チフス性の野兎病の可能性を高めるが、患者は重度の症状において見られる胆汁うっ滞、黄疸、もしくは肺に係わる症状はない。ロッキー山紅斑熱はアミノトランスフェラーゼのレベルの上昇、血小板減少、まれに窒素血症と共に引き起こされるが、

Client

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