Yumie (3_yumie7) — 翻訳実績

and in arms and munitions, was beheld a most magnificent display on both sides;yet they did nothing for several days.Brutus and Cassius did not wish to engage,but rather to continue wasting the enemy by lack of provisions,since they themselves had abundance from Asia, all transported by the sea from close at hand, all the enemy had nothing in abundance and nothing from their own territory.They could obtain nothing through merchants in Egypt,since that country was exhausted by famine, nor from Spain or Africa by reason of Pompeius, nor from Italy by reason of Murcus and Domitius.Macedonia and Thessaly, which were the only countries then supplying them, would not suffice much longer.Mindful chiefly of these facts

武器、軍需物資の中に両陣の最高にして壮大なものが見てとれた。数日間、彼らに動きは全くなかった。BrutusとCassiusは交戦することを望まず、むしろ食糧の蓄えの不足によって敵を消耗させ続けることを願った。彼ら自身はアジアから豊富に食糧を供給しており、全て近くから海を通して運ばれ、それらは手元にあった。エジプトは飢饉で疲弊していたためエジプトの商人からは何も手に入らず、Pompeiusが原因でスペイン、アフリカからも期待できず、MurcusとDomitiusのせいでイタリアからの供給も無理だった。MacedoniaとThessalyが唯一供給可能な国だったが、長期にわたって供給を受けるには十分ではなかった。主にこれらの事実に留意して、

Brutus and his generals protracted the war.Antony, fearful of the delay, resolved to force them to an engagement.He formed a plan of effecting a passage through the marsh secretly,if possible, in order to get in the enemy's rear without their knowledge,and cut off their avenue of supply from Thasos.So he arrayed his forces for battle with all the standards set each day, so that it might seem that his entire army was drawn up,while a part of his force was really working night and day making a narrow passage in the marsh, cutting down reeds, throwing up a causeway upon them, and flanking it with stone, so that the earth should not fall away,and bridging the deeper parts with piles, all in the profoundest silence.

Brutusと部下の将軍は戦争を遅らせた。Antonyは戦争が遅れるのを恐れ、無理に交戦させることにした。Antonyは湿地に密かに通り道を作り、敵に知られずに敵の背面にたどり着き、彼らのThasosからの物資配給の道を絶つ計画を立てた。そこでAntonyは全軍が整列しているのが見えるよう、毎日全ての標準の師団を戦闘用に配置する一方、一部の部隊は、狭い通り道を作るため日夜働いていた。葦を刈り取り、土を盛り、土が流れないよう両端を石で固め、より深い所は喰いを打ち込んで橋をかけた。全ての作業は完全な静寂の中で行なわれた。

but Antony moved his army rapidly, wishing to anticipate the enemy in occupying Amphipolis as an advantageous position for the battle. When he found it already fortified by Norbanus he was delighted. Leaving his supplies there and one legion, under the command of Pinarius, he advanced with the greatest boldness and encamped in the plain at a distance of only eight stades from the enemy, and straightway the superiority of the enemy's situation and the inferiority of his own became evident. The former were on elevated ground, the latter on the plain; the former procured fuel from the mountains, the latter from the marsh; the former obtained water from a river, the latter from wells freshly dug;

だがAntonyは、戦闘に有利な位置にあるAmphipolisを敵が占領するのに先立って自分の軍を素早く移動した。そこでNorbanusがすでに要塞を築いているのを見つけて彼は喜んだ。軍事物資と１レギオンをPinariusの指揮の下、そこに残し、彼は非常に大胆に進軍し、敵から僅か8スタジアの距離に陣取った。敵の状況が有利で自分の方が劣勢にあることが明らかになった。敵の陣地は高地にあり自分の陣地は平地にあった。敵の陣地は山から燃料を調達したが、自分の方は沼地から調達した。敵は川から水を調達したが、自分の方は掘ったばかりの井戸から水を得た。

the former drew their supplies from Thasos, requiring carriage of only a few stades, while the latter was 350 stades from Amphipolis. Still it seems that Antony was compelled to do as he did, for there was no other hill, and the rest of the plain, lying in a sort of hollow, was liable to inundation at times from the river; for which reason also the fountains of water were found fresh and abundant in the wells that were dug there. Antony's audacity, although he was driven to it by necessity, confounded the enemy when they saw him pitch his camp so near them and in such a contemptuous manner as soon as he arrived. He raised numerous towers and fortified himself on all sides with ditches, wall, and palisade.

敵はわすが数スタジアから運搬できるThasosから物資を調達したが、自分の方はAmphipolisからの距離が350スタジアもあった。他に丘はなく、一種の小渓谷に横たわる残りの平野は時に川からの水が氾濫する恐れがあり、Antony はそうせざるを得ないようだった。そのためそこに掘った井戸の水は新鮮で大量にあった。Antonyに必要に迫られてそうしたのだったが、敵がAntonyが自分たちの陣地から目と鼻の先に陣取り、到着するやいなやそうする人を小ばかにしたような態度を見て、その大胆さに敵は困惑した。Antonyは自分で多くの塔や要塞を、その全ての側面にある溝、井戸、柵と共に作った。

The enemy also completed their fortification wherever their work was defective. Cassius, observing that Antony's advance was reckless, extended his fortification at the only place where it was still wanting, from the camp to the marsh, a space which had been overlooked on account of its narrowness, so that there was now nothing unfortified except the cliffs on Brutus's flank and the marsh on that of Cassius and the sea lying against the marsh. In the centre everything was intercepted by ditch, palisade, wall, and gates.In this way both sides had fortified themselves, in the meantime making trial of each other by cavalry skirmishes only.

敵は自分たちの作業で欠陥がある箇所はすべて要塞化を終えていた。CassiusはAntony側の進み具合が無謀なのを見て、陣地から湿地までの間で、ただ1か所欠けていた場所まで要塞を拡大した。その空間は狭いために見過ごされており、Brutusの側面の崖とCassius の側面の湿地、それに湿地の向い側に横たわる海を除いては要塞化されていない場所は今やなかった。中央では全てが溝、柵、壁、門で遮断されていた。こうして両陣営とも自分自身で要塞を築いている一方、騎兵隊の小競り合いによってのみ互いに腕試しをしていた。

Each of the Thracian brothers received high commendation in his own army,the one because he had led an army by a secret path,the other because he had discovered the secret.Thus Brutus and Cassius by an astonishing act of audacity advanced to Philippi,where Tillius also disembarked,and the whole army was there assembled.Philippi is a city that was formerly called Datus,and before that Crenides,because there are many springs bubbling around a hill there.Philip fortified it because he considered it an excellent stronghold against the Thracians, and named it from himself, Philippi. It is situated on a precipitous hill and its size is exactly that of the summit of the hill.There is another hill not far from Philippi

Thracian兄弟は2人とも自身の軍隊で高い評価を受けた。1人は軍隊を秘密の道に誘導したこと、もう1人は秘密を発見したことがその理由だった。こうしてBrutusとCassiusは驚くべき大胆な行為によってPhilippi に進軍した。 PhilippiにはTilliusも上陸し、こうして全軍が集結した。PhilippiはかつてDatusと呼ばれ、その前は、その丘の周辺で多くの温泉が沸き立っていることからCrenidesと呼ばれた。Philipはこの地がThracianに対抗する素晴らしい要塞だと考えて要塞を作り、自分の名前を取ってPhilippiと名づけた。要塞は急峻な他に位置し、その大きさはちょうど丘の頂上の大きさだった。Philippiからそう遠くないところに別の丘があり、

which is called the Hill of Dionysus,in which are gold mines called the Asyla.Ten stades farther are two other hills,at a distance of eighteen stades from Philippi itself and eight stades from each other.On these hills Cassius and Brutus were encamped,the former on the southern and the latter on the northern of the two.They did not advance against the retreating army of Norbanus because they learned that Antony was approaching,Octavian having been left behind at Epidamnus on account of sickness.The plain was admirably suited for fighting and the hill-tops for camping,since on one side of them were marshes and ponds stretching as far as the river Strymon,and on the other gorges destitute of roads and impassable.

その丘はDionysusの丘と呼ばれ、その中はAsylaと呼ばれる金鉱だった。そこよりさらに10スタジア行くと別の２つの丘があり、Philippiからは18スタジア、Dionysusの丘との距離は8スタジアだった。これらの丘の上にCassius とBrutusは陣取り、Cassiusは2つの丘の南側、Brutusは2つの丘の北側に陣取った。Antonyが近づいており、Octavianは病のためにEpidamnusに取り残されたことを知ったため、2人はNorbanusの退却した軍隊の方に進軍しなかった。平野は戦に申し分なく、丘の頂上は野営に最適だった。それは丘の片側は沼地や池がStrymon河まで広がっており、もう片方の峡谷には道がなく通り抜けられない空だった。

Between these hills, eight stades apart, lay the main pass from Europe to Asia as between gates. Across this space they built a fortification from camp to camp, leaving a gate in the middle, so that the two camps became virtually one. Alongside this fortification flowed a river, which is called by some the Ganga and by others the Gangites, and behind it was the sea, where they could keep their supplies and shipping in safety. Their depot was on the island of Thasos, 100 stades distant, and their triremes were anchored at Neapolis, at a distance of seventy stades.Brutus and Cassius were satisfied with the position and proceeded to fortify their camps,

これらの丘の間の距離は８スタジアで、ヨーロッパからアジアに至る主要道が２つの門の中間点としてあった。この空間を超えると、彼らは２つの野営地が実際に１つになるよう門を真ん中に残して野営地から野営地に要塞を築いた。この要塞に平行して1本の川が流れており、GangaともGangitesとも呼ばれていた。川の背後には海があり、そこに軍需品や船舶を安全に確保することができた。倉庫は100スタジアの距離にあるThasos島にあり、三段櫂ガレー船は70スタジアの距離にあるNeapolisに停泊されていた。BrutusとCassiusは位置に満足し、 野営地の防衛強化を続けた。

The ships suffered about equally on both sides. Salvidienus retired to the port of Balarus, facing the straits, where he repaired what was left of his damaged and wasted fleet.When Octavian arrived he gave a solemn promise to the inhabitants of Rhegium and Vibo that they should be exempt from the list of prizes of victory, for he feared them on account of their nearness to the straits. As Antony had sent him a hasty summons, he set sail to join the latter at Brundusium, having Sicily and Pompeius on his left hand; and postponing the conquest of the island for the time being. On the approach of Octavian, Murcus withdrew a short distance from Brundusium in order that he might not be between Antony and Octavian,

両軍とも同じくらい船体に打撃を受けた。Salvidienusは海峡の向かいのBalarusに撤退し、残った損傷を受けたり壊れたりした船団を修理した。Octavianは到着した時、RhegiumとViboの住民に対し、彼らが勝利の褒美のリストから削除されると固く約束した。海峡からの近さから、住民を恐れたためだった。AntonyがOctavianに急な呼び出し状を送ったため、OctavianはSicilyとPompeiusが左側にあるBrundusiumにいたAntonyに合流するために出帆した。そしてさし当り島の征服を延期した。Octavianが近づくと、MurcusはAntonyとOctavianの間に挟まれないようにするためにBrundusiumから少し距離を置いて撤退した。

and there he watched for the passage of the transports that were carrying the army across from Brundusium to Macedonia.The latter were escorted by triremes,but a strong and favourable wind having sprung up they darted across fearlessly,needing no escort.Murcus was vexed,but he lay in wait for the empty ships on their return.Yet these returned, took on board the remainder of the soldiers,and crossed again with full sails until the whole army,together with Octavian and Antony, had passed over.Although Murcus recognized that his plans were frustrated by some fatality,he held his position nevertheless, in order to hinder as much as possible the passage of the enemy's munitions and supplies, or supplementary troops.

その地でMurcusはBrundusiumからMacedoniaに軍隊を移動させる交通路を観察した。敵は三段オールのガレー船にエスコートされていたが、好都合な強風が吹いたため、エスコートなしで、勇敢に突き進んでいった。Murcusは気を悪くしたが、帰還中の空の船を待つことにし、残った兵を乗船させ、Octavian、Antonyと共に全軍が通り過ぎるまで再び全速力で渡った。Murcusは自分の計画が何かの災難で失敗したことを認めたにもかかわらず、敵の武器弾薬や軍需物資、予備軍を出来るだけ妨げるため、引き続きその任に当たった。

Domitius Ahenobarbus was sent by Brutus and Cassius to co-operate with him in this work, which they deemed most useful, together with fifty additional ships, one legion, and a body of archers; for as the triumvirs did not have a plentiful supply of provisions from elsewhere, it was deemed important to cut off their convoys from Italy.And so Murcus and Domitius, with their 13 war ships and a still greater number of small ones, and their large military force, sailed hither and thither harassing the enemy. Meanwhile Decidius and Norbanus, whom Octavian and Antony had sent in advance with eight legions to Macedonia, proceeded from that country a distance of 150 stades toward the mountainous part of Thrace until

BrutusとCassiusはこれに協力するため最も役に立つを思われるDomitius Ahenobarbusを追加で船５０隻、１レギオン、射手１団を持たせて送り込んだ。三執政官の方は、どこからも軍需物資の十分な提供はなく、敵のイタリアからの物資の護送を絶つことが重要だと思われた。そこで、MurcusとDomitiusは戦艦１３隻と、多くの小規模の船、大勢の兵とともにあちらこちらに動き回り敵を攻撃した。一方、あらかじめOctavianとAntonyが８レギオンと共にMacedoniaに送っていたDecidiusとNorbanusはMacedoniaからThrace の山岳地域に１５０スタジアの距離まで進軍し、

they had passed beyond the city of Philippi,and seized the passes of the Corpilans and the Sapaeans,tribes under the rule of Rhascupolis,where lies the only known route of travel from Asia to Europe.Here was the first obstacle encountered by Brutus and Cassius after they had crossed over from Abydus to Sestus.Rhascupolis and Rhascus were brothers of the royal family of Thrace,ruling one country.They differed in opinion at that time in regard to the proper alliance.Rhascus had taken up arms for Antony and Rhascupolis for Cassius,each having 30 horse.When the Cassians came to inquire about the roads,Rhascupolis told them that the one by way of Aenus and Maronea was the short and usual and most travelled route.

ついにPhilippi市を超え、CorpilansとSapaeanの道を見つけた。CorpilansとSapaeanはRhascupolisの支配下にある部族で、アジアからヨーロッパに旅する彼らだけが知る道があった。これがBrutusとCassiusがAbydusからSestusに渡った後の最初に直面した障害だった。RhascupolisとRhascusはThrace王家の兄弟で、１つの国を支配していた。RhascusはAntonyのために戦い、RhascupolisはCassiusのために闘った。両者とも馬３０頭をもっていた。Cassius側が道について尋ねると、Rhascupolisは１つはAenusとMaroneaを通る道が最も普通のより利用されるルートだと答えた。

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SOA（Sons of Anarchy　アナーキーの息子）のファンなら誰もが知っている通り、SAMCROの生活はただ銃の違法取引をしたり対立するギャングを血みどろの縄張り争いするだけの簡単なものじゃない。バイククラブのライブではアドレナリン全開になるだろうが、一方でMayhemのひどい不正行為を隠すのにも、境界争いで銃取引が妨げられた時に着実に稼ぐためにも合法なビジネスは必要だ。
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Cornificius replied that he did not know what allotment the triumvirs had made among themselves, and that since he had received the government from the Senate he would not surrender it to anybody else without the order of the Senate. This was the origin of hostilities between them. Cornificius had the heavier and more numerous army. That of Sextius was more nimble though inferior in number, by which means he was enabled to dash round and detach from Cornificius his inland districts until he was besieged by Ventidius, a lieutenant of Cornificius, who brought against him superior forces and whom he resisted valiantly. Laelius, another lieutenant of Cornificius, ravaged the province of Sextius.

Cornificiusは3人の執政官が自分たちでそのような分割をしたのか知らないし、自分は元老院に基づく政府から土地をもらったのだから、元老院の命令があるまでは誰にも土地を譲らないと答えた。これら彼らの敵対の原因だった。Cornificiusの軍は装備、数で勝っていた。Sextiusの軍は数では劣っていたが機動力があったので、Cornificiusの突進していって内陸地帯をCornificiusから取り上げることができた。ただし、それはCornificiusの副官Ventidiusに包囲されるまでのことだった。Ventidiusは優れた軍事力をもたらし、勇敢に抵抗した。Cornificiusの他の副官LaeliusはSextiusの所有する地方を破壊した。

The wealthy citizens fled from a country that they could no longer consider their own and took refuge with Pompeius,who was near by and greatly beloved by all at that time.There were present with him also many seafaring men from Spain,skilled in naval affairs,so that Pompeius was well provided with ships and money.When Octavian learned these facts he sent Salvidienus with a fleet,as though it were an easy task,to come alongside of Pompeius and destroy him,while he himself passed through Italy with the intention of joining Salvidienus at Rhegium.Pompeius advanced with a large fleet to meet Salvidienus, and a naval engagement took place between them at the entrance of the straits near the promontory of Scyllaeum.

裕福な市民はもはやそこが自分たちの土地とは考えられなかったため国からに逃げ出し、当時皆から深く慕われていたPompeiusの下に身を寄せた。また、海軍の仕事に熟達したスペインからの船乗りも多くいたためPompeiusは船も金も十分に持っていた。Octavianはこれらの事を知ると、Pompeiusに追いついて彼を打ちのめすのはたやすいことであるかのように考え、艦隊と共にSalvidienusを送る一方、自分はRhegiumでSalvidienusと合流しようとしてイタリアを通り抜けた。PompeiusはSalvidienusと対戦するために大艦隊を組んで進軍し、Scyllaeum岬付近の海峡の入り口で両軍の海戦が行なわれた。

The ships of Pompeius, being lighter and manned by better sailors, excelled in swiftness and skill, while those of the Romans, being of great tonnage and size, laboured heavily. When the usual rush of waves through the straits came on, and the sea dashed hither and thither under the influence of the current the crews of Pompeius suffered less than their adversaries, because they were accustomed to the agitation of the waters; while those of Salvidienus, not having their sea-legs through want of experience, and being unable to work their oars, or manage their rudders, were thrown into confusion. Accordingly, about sunset, Salvidienus was the first to give the signal of retreat. Pompeius withdrew also.

Pompeiusの船体の方が軽く、迅速で、技術に優れた船乗りが乗っており、一方ローマ軍の船体は非常に重く大きかったため、操縦に骨が折れた。いつものように海峡に波が押し寄せた時、海流の影響を受けて海はあちらこちらで波が打ち砕けた。Pompeius側の水兵は波の揺れに慣れていたため敵よりも苦しまなかった。一方、Salvidienusの方は経験不足で船酔いを防ぐ能力がなく、櫂を動かしたり舵を撮ったりすることも出来なかったため、混乱に陥った。その結果、夜が明ける頃、最初に撤退の合図を出したのはSalvidienusの方だった。Pompeiusも引き上げた。

When the news of the overthrow of Antony at Actium was forwarded by Octavian this same Cicero, as consul, announced it to the people and affixed it to the rostra where formerly his father's head had been exhibited. Appius distributed his goods among his slaves and then sailed with them to Sicily. Being overtaken by a storm, the slaves formed a plot to get possession of his money, and placed Appius in a small boat, pretending to transfer him to a safer place; but it turned out that he reached the port most unexpectedly, while their ship was wrecked and they all perished. Publius, quaestor of Brutus, was solicited by the party of Antony to betray his chief, but refused, and was for that reason proscribed.

ActiumでAntonyを打倒したとの知らせをOctavianから受け取ると、Ciceroは執政官としてそれをローマ市民に発表し、以前彼の父親の頭が晒されていた演壇にそれを貼りつけた。Appiusは自分の財産を奴隷に分け与え、彼らと共にシチリアに向かって船出した。しけに遭ったため、奴隷はAppiusの金を取ろうと企み、Appiusを安全な場所に移送するように見せかけて小舟に乗せたが、Appiusが着いたのは最も予期しない港だった。一方、奴隷が乗っていた船は難破して全員亡くなった。Brutusの財務官のPubliusはAntony側から自分の主を裏切るよう求められたが、彼はそれを拒み、それが理由で追放者となった。

Afterward he was restored to citizenship and became a friend of Octavian. Once when Octavian came to visit him Publius displayed some images of Brutus, and Octavian praised him for doing so.The above are some of the most remarkable cases where the proscribed were lost or saved. Many others I have omitted. In the meantime, while these transactions were taking place at Rome, all the outlying countries were torn by hostilities growing out of the same commotion. Chief among these wars was that in Africa between Cornificius and Sextius, that in Syria between Cassius and Dolabella, and that against Pompeius around Sicily. Many cities suffered the calamity of capture.

その後、彼は市民権を取り戻し、Octavianの友人となった。ある日Octavianが彼を訪ねてきた時、PubliusはBrutusの彫像をいくつか見せ、Octavianは彼がそうしたことを褒めた。以上は、追放が解除されたり助かった最も顕著なケースである。他にも私が記さなかった多くのケースがある。一方、ローマでこのような取引が行なわれていた間、周辺諸国では同じ騒ぎから起きた敵意が増大していった。そのよう争いの中で主要なものはアフリカではCornificius対Sextius、シリアではCassius対Dolabella、またSicily周辺のPompeiusに対するものだった。多くの都市では占領される災難に苦しんだ。

I shall pass by the smaller ones and confine myself to the largest,and especially the very celebrated captures of Laodicea, Tarsus, Rhodes, Patara, and Xanthus. I shall relate briefly what took place at each of these.That part of Africa which the Romans took from the Carthaginians they still call Old Africa. The part that belonged to King Juba, and which was taken by Gaius Caesar at a later period, they call for that reason New Africa; it might also be called Numidian Africa. Accordingly Sextius, who held the government of New Africa, being appointed by Octavian, summoned Cornificius to abandon Old Africa to him because the whole country had been assigned to Octavian in the allotment of the triumvirs.

その中の小さなものは省略して最大のものに限って記そうと思う。中でもよく知られているのはLaodicea、Tarsus、Rhodes、Patara、Xanthusの占領だ。ローマ人がカルタゴ人から占領したアフリカの地方は現在でも旧アフリカと呼ばれている。Juba王が所有し、のちの時代にGaius Caesarが占領した地域はそのような理由から新アフリカと呼ばれ、ヌミディアアフリカとも呼ばれている。それに従い、Octavianに指名されて新アフリカを治めることになったSextiusは、三執政官の土地分割によって国全体がOctavianに分け与えられたので旧アフリカ地域を譲渡するようCornificiusに要求した。

There were two men named Metellus, father and son. The father held a command under Antony at the battle of Actium and was taken prisoner, but not recognized. The son fought on the side of Octavian and held a command under him at the same battle. When Octavian was classifying the prisoners at Samos the son was sitting with him. The old man was led forward covered with hair, misery, and dirt, and completely metamorphosed by them. When his name was called by the herald in the array of prisoners the son sprang from his seat, and, with difficulty recognizing his father, embraced him with a cry of anguish. Then restraining his lamentation he said to Octavian, "He was your enemyr.He had earned your punishment,

Metellusという同じ名の父子がいた。父の方はActiumの戦いでAntonyの下、指揮を取って捕虜となったが、それが誰なのか分かっていなかった。息子の方はOctavian側について戦い同じ戦いでOctavianの下で指揮を取っていた。父の方の年老いた男が髪ｎ覆われ、みすぼらしく汚い格好で全く姿を変えられて連れて来られた。捕虜の列の中から、男の名前が伝令官によって呼ばれると、息子は椅子から飛び上がって何とか父だと見分け、苦悶の叫びを上げながら父を抱擁した。そして嘆き悲しみを抑えてOctavianに言った。「父は殿下の敵でした。殿下より罰を受け、