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The value of the Indonesian pharmaceutical market was calculated tobe IDR30,258bn (US$2.92bn) in 2009,according to composite figures from the Association of the European Self-Medication Industry (AESGP), IMSHealth Asia, and the Indonesian Association of Pharmaceutical Companies (GP Farmasi). Prescriptiondrugs accounted for IDR18,407bn(US$1.78bn), with patented drugs accounting for IDR11,539bn(US$1.11bn) and generic drugs accounting for IDR6,868bn (US$663mn).In the same year, the OTC medicines market was valued at IDR11,850bn(US$1.14bn). Despite its sizable and fast-growing population, Indonesia is unlikely to achieve its full pharmaceutical growth potential due to economic and political difficulties. The low purchasing power of the population means that the marketplace for medicines is restricted to arelatively small consumer base. This situation is compounded by the fact that many local generics – alow-cost product in most countries – are often prohibitively expensive. The high price of these drugspartly results from the domestic industry’s reliance on imported inputs, making final prices sensitive tocurrency movements. On a positive note, exports – driven by GMP certification gained by localmanufacturers – will continue to increase steadily, mirroring the trend over recent years.As leading domestic manufacturers gradually gain strength, the sector’s prospects look positive. Severalfirms including PT Kalbe Farma have been exporting significant amounts of more basic pharmaceuticalproducts, such as analgesics, for some years. Nigeria represents the leading destination and the MiddleEast is also a growing market for exports, with the advantage of Indonesia’s Muslim identity proving akey to increasing trade links. Of approximately 200 drug companies operating in the market, 162 arelocal while 38 are foreign-owned, according to GP Farmasi. Local drugmakers account for approximately70% of the market, with foreign firms taking the remainder. In 2008, local drugmakers recorded around15% profit growth, compared to 10% for overseas firms. The two largest state-held drug companies in Indonesia are Kimia Farma, which is 90.03%-owned bythe state, and Indofarma, in which the government has an 81.0% stake. The government has plans toconsolidate the state-owned production en route to privatisation, which should provide some relief fromincreased competition. A number of multinationals have a direct manufacturing presence in Indonesia,including Sanofi-Aventis, Bayer, Bristol Myers Squibb (BMS) and Schering-Plough. Others importtheir products through local distributors. However, counterfeit drugs, made possible by the lack ofeffective product patent and data protection, are an enduring problem and account for up to 20% of allpharmaceutical sales.